Failure or success? : biodiversity policy integration into the agricultural policy of the new EU member states – the Croatian experience

Pečurlić, Lucija (author), Erjavec, Emil (author), Sudarić, Tihana (author), Šumrada, Tanja (author)

Despite the adoption of EU nature conservation legislation, Central and Eastern European countries have witnessed accelerated biodiversity declines in recent decades. This paper explores the reasons behind the relatively weak integration of biodiversity policy into the agricultural sector, with Croatia serving as a case study. Conceptually, this study contributes to the understanding of biodiversity policy integration (BPI) by applying an adapted analytical framework that reveals how institutional and structural constraints shape the depth of integration in post-socialist contexts, offering insights for future EU enlargements and vertical policy integration. The study involved a comprehensive review of national legislation and an analysis of interviews with stakeholders and experts. Historically, Croatia’s biodiversity conservation efforts were primarily concentrated on protected areas, with limited involvement of farmers. Agri-environmental schemes (AES) for biodiversity were introduced during the 2014–2022 CAP period, but were implemented on less than 2 % of farmland. Factors such as limited institutional capacity, a lack of biodiversity data, and insufficient experience in designing conservation programs resulted in relatively poorly tailored measures. Despite increased flexibility in the post-2023 CAP, few significant policy changes have been made, primarily due to a lack of stakeholder collaboration and inadequate institutional support for new pproaches.

• Language: English
• Keywords: biodiversity policy integration, common agricultural policy, agri-environmental schemes, Croatia, EU enlargement
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Publication date: 01.12.2025
• Year: 2025
• Number of pages: 23 str.
• Numbering: Vol. 26, [article no.] 100284
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-173350
• UDC: 631
• ISSN on article: 2589-8116
• DOI: 10.1016/j.esg.2025.100284
• COBISS.SI-ID: 249060355
• Publication date in RUL: 16.09.2025

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Earth system governance
• Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
• ISSN: 2589-8116
• COBISS.SI-ID: 56246275

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: kmetijstvo, biotska pestrost, varstvo okolja, EU, Hrvaška

Projects

• Funder: ARIS - Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency
• Project number: P4-0022
• Name: Ekonomika agroživilstva in naravnih virov