The purpose of this master thesis is to examine the level of actual understanding of Biblical idioms originating from the Pentateuch among the young generation of Czechs and Slovenes. In order to determine this, we have collected 159 idioms in both languages, created questionnaires and conducted surveys among Czech and Slovene students of their respective native language. The result has shown that Czech respondents are slightly less familiar with the Biblical idioms than Slovene respondents. Such a result is most probably a consequence of the corpus of idioms used – for Czech phrases, two handbooks and phrase collections were used whereas Slovene phrases had to be extracted while reading the Bible. This is the reason why there was a few number of idioms no longer in use in Czech. A list of the Slovene idioms derived from the Pentateuch is an additional result of this thesis.
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