Visokofrekvenčna stopnja fotonskega radarja za mikro-Dopplerjevo analizo vrtečih elis

ZMRZLAK, LUKA (author), Batagelj, Boštjan (mentor), Blatnik, Aljaž (comentor)

Delo se osredotoča na ključne izzive pri načrtovanju radiofrekvenčne vhodno-izhodne stopnje mikrovalovnih fotonskih radarjev in poskusnem merjenju mikro-Dopplerjevega pojava. V prvem delu je na kratko predstavljena zgodovina ter delovanje radarskih sistemov na osnovi Dopplerjevega pomika. Opisana je zaznava majhnih brezpilotnih letalnikov s frekvenčno moduliranim radarjem ter kratek pregled obstoječih sistemov za zaznavo dronov v vojaški industriji. Na kratko je predstavljena tehnologija fotonsko integriranih vezji in opis strukture fotonsko integriranega radarja s praktičnim prikazom ustvarjanja radiofrekvenčnega signala v optični domeni. V drugem delu je predlagana zasnova visokofrekvenčne stopnje fotonskega radarja. Najprej sta predstavljeni oddajna in sprejemna ojačevalna veriga z opisom izbire primernih gradnikov ter sestavo posameznih elementov verige. Opis spremljajo grafični prikazi opravljenih meritev posameznih sestavnih delov ojačevalnih verig. Pod zasnovo visokofrekvenčne stopnje spada še oddajno-sprejemna antena za katero je podrobno opisan postopek načrtovanja in izdelave. Na koncu opisa izdelave so rezultati simulacijskega okolja primerjani z meritvami izvedenimi v laboratoriju. V zadnjem delu je opisan postopek izvedbe poskusa meritev mikro-Dopplerjevih odzivov elis komercialnih dronov z Dopplerjevim radarjem na frekvenci 10 GHz. Radar je sestavljen z opremo Laboratorija za sevanje in optiko ter namensko izdelanih gradnikov, kot jih predlaga pričujoče delo. Opisan je postopek izdelave celotne merilne postavitve od sestave nosilca motorja komercialnega drona, upravljanja hitrosti vrtenja motorja, priprave merjenih elis, do laboratorijske postavitve Dopplerjevega radarja. Predstavljen je postopek izvedbe meritev, rezultati katerih so prikazani z grafi vrh-vrh napetosti ter slapnimi spektrogrami. Rezultati so končani z opisom ugotovitev ter izračunanim teoretičnim dometom sestavljenega radarja.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Dopplerjev pojav, mikro-Dopplerjev pojav, Dopplerjev radar, fotonsko integrirana vezja, fotonsko integriran radar, brezpilotna letala, visokofrekvenčna stopnja radarja.
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FE - Faculty of Electrical Engineering
• Year: 2025
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-168781
• COBISS.SI-ID: 234290947
• Publication date in RUL: 24.04.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: High-Frequency Photonic Radar Stage for Micro-Doppler Analysis of Rotating Propellers

Abstract

This thesis focuses on key challenges in the design of a radio-frequency front-end for microwave photonic radar systems and the experimental measurement of the micro-Doppler phenomenon. The first part presents a brief overview of the history and operating principles of radar systems based on Doppler shift. It includes the detection of small unmanned aerial vehicles using a frequency-modulated radar and a concise review of existing drone detection systems in the military sector. Additionally, it introduces photonic integrated circuit technology and describes the structure of a photonic integrated radar, accompanied by a practical demonstration of radio-frequency signal generation in the optical domain. The second part proposes a design for the high-frequency front-end of a photonic radar system. The design includes the development of both the transmission and reception amplifier chains, detailing component selection and the assembly of individual elements. The description is supported by graphical representations of measurements carried out on specific components of the amplifier chains. This section also includes the design of a transmit–receive antenna, with a detailed explanation of the design and fabrication process. Finally, simulation results are compared with laboratory measurements to validate the performance of the developed system. The final part describes the experimental procedure for measuring micro-Doppler responses of rotor blades from commercial drones using a 10 GHz Doppler radar. The radar system was assembled using equipment from the Radiation and Optics Laboratory, supplemented by previously developed and described components. The section outlines the complete experimental setup, including the construction of a drone motor support, motor speed control, rotor blade preparation, and laboratory deployment of the Doppler radar. The measurement procedure is presented in detail, with results illustrated through peak-to-peak voltage graphs and waterfall spectrograms. The findings are concluded with an analysis of results and a calculation of the theoretical detection range of the assembled radar system.

• Keywords: Doppler effect, micro-Doppler effect, Doppler radar, photonic integrated circuits, photonic integrated radar, unmanned aerial vehicles, high-frequency radar front-end.