Introduction: Body composition defines the proportion of muscle mass, fat, bone and water in an individual's body. It is most often defined by the percentage of body fat and lean body mass. Sufficient proportion of muscle mass, its maintenance and gain are important for maintaining and promoting health in all age groups. Main two factors that influence muscle hypertrophy and play an important role in muscle hypertrophy are appropriate exercise stimulus, i.e. resistance training, and sufficient protein intake. For physically active individuals aiming to gain muscle mass, the need for protein intake is greater. Purpose: The aim of the diploma work is to investigate the influence of high protein diet in resistance training on body composition by reviewing scientific literature. Methods: The literature was searched in Pubmed database, using different combinations of the following keywords: resistance training, high protein, protein intake, body composition, hypertrophy. Results: Six randomized controlled trials were included in the literature review. Main assessed variables were lean body mass, fat mass, body fat percentage and body mass. Four studies have shown that resistance training in combination with a high protein diet affects body composition increases muscle mass or lowers body fat. In three studies, there was a statistically significant increase in lean body mass between groups (p < 0,05), but there were also statistically significant differences within the group, in both groups (experimental and control) in three studies, and in one study only in experimental group. Statistically significant differences between groups (p < 0,05) were found in two studies for the proportion of body fat in body weight, and for fat mass in one study; differences also appeared within the group. Discussion and conclusion: Based on the results of the reviewed studies, we conclude that a high protein diet in individuals who perform resistance training can contribute to an increase in lean body mass and a decrease in fat mass, and thus can have a positive effect on changes in body composition. However, the findings suggest that resistance exercise plays a more important role than daily protein intake in increasing lean body mass.
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