Vloga medicinske sestre pri ženskah z globoko vensko trombozo in vensko trombembolijo v nosečnosti in poporodnem obdobju

Koletič, Katja (avtor), Mlinar, Suzana (mentor)

Uvod: Venska trombembolija je v zahodnem svetu eden glavnih vzrokov za smrt nosečnic in otročnic. Pljučna embolija povzroči v razvitih državah 14 % smrti otročnic. Tveganje za nastanek venske trombembolije med nosečnostjo in v poporodnem obdobju je v primerjavi z ženskami, ki niso noseče, petkrat večje. Namen: Namen diplomske naloge je predstaviti dejavnike tveganja globoke venske tromboze pri ženskah v nosečnosti in poporodnem obdobju. Predstavljamo intervencije za preprečevanje in zmanjševanje pojavnosti globoke venske tromboze pri nosečnicah in otročnicah. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela s pregledom znanstvene in strokovne literature. Preko podatkovnih baz PubMed, Cinahl in Tripdatabase smo iskali literaturo v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku na temo venske trombembolije v nosečnosti in poporodnem obdobju. Rezultati: S starostjo ženske se povečuje tveganje za trombembolične zaplete. Dejavniki tveganja za vensko trombembolijo, kot so preeklampsija in hipertenzija, povzročajo nagnjenost k žilnim boleznim kasneje v življenju. Pogostost venske trombembolije, povezane z nosečnostjo, je večja v poporodnem obdobju. K temu prispevajo trombofilija, porod s carskim rezom, večplodna nosečnost, krčne žile in bolezni srca. Tudi rasne razlike in etična pripadnost imajo vpliv na pojavnost venske trombembolije v nosečnosti in v poporodnem obdobju. Razprava in zaključek: Hiperkoagulabilno stanje, venski zastoj krvi in poškodba žilne stene so trije dejavniki, ki povzročijo nastanek globoke venske tromboze. Z možnostjo nastanka pljučne embolije je ogroženo življenje nosečnice. Potrebna je zgodnja ocena tveganja za nastanek venske trombembolije in izvajanje intervencij za njeno zmanjševanje in preprečevanje. Medicinska sestra sodeluje v multidisciplinarnem timu, kjer nosečnico pouči o znakih in simptomih globoke venske tromboze in venske trombembolije ter ji zagotovi izobraževalna gradiva o preprečevanju globoke venske tromboze in venske trombembolije. Ima pomembno vlogo pri preprečevanju globoke venske tromboze z oceno tveganja za nastanek globoke venske tromboze in izvajanje ustreznih negovalnih intervencij

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: medicinska sestra, globoka venska tromboza, nosečnost, poporodno obdobje, dejavniki tveganja, preventiva
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2024
• Datum objave v RUL: 27.09.2024

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Deep vein thrombosis and vein thrombembolism during and after pregnancy and role of the nurse

Izvleček

Introduction: Venous thromboembolism is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity in the Western world. Pulmonary embolism caused 14% of maternal morbidity in developed countries. The risk of developing venous thrombembolism is five times higher compared to women who are not pregnant. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to present the risk factors for deep vein thrombosis in women during pregnancy and the postpartum period. We will present interventions to prevent and reduce the incidence of deep vein thrombosis in pregnant and postpartum women. Methods: We used a descriptive method with a review of scientific and professional literature. Literature searches were conducted in Slovenian and English on the topic of venous thromboembolism in pregnancy and the postpartum period through the databases PubMed, Cinahl, and Tripdatabase. Results: The risk of thromboembolic complications increases with the age of the woman. Risk factors for venous thrombembolism, such as preeclampsia and hypertension, predispose women to vascular diseases later in life. The frequency of pregnancy-related venous thrombembolism is higher in the postpartum period. Contributing factors include thrombophilia, cesarean delivery, multiple pregnancies, varicose veins, and heart disease. Racial differences and ethnic background influence the incidence of venous thrombembolism during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Discussion and conclusion: The hypercoagulable state, venous blood stasis, and vascular wall injury are the three factors that cause the development of deep vein thrombosis. The potential occurrence of pulmonary embolism poses a life-threatening risk to pregnant women. Early risk assessment for vein thrombosis and the implementation of interventions to reduce and prevent it are necessary. Nurses are part of a multidisciplinary team, where they inform the pregnant woman about the signs and symptoms of deep vein thrombosis and venous thrombembolism. They provide the pregnant woman with educational materials on the prevention of deep vein thrombosis and venous thrombembolism. Nurses play a crucial role in preventing deep vein thrombosis by assessing the risk of deep vein thrombosis and implementing appropriate nursing interventions.

• Ključne besede: nurse, deep vein thrombosis, pregnancy, postpartum period, risk factors, prevention