Mikoparazitska gliva Lecanicillium fungicola kot patogen na dvospornem kukmaku (Agaricus bisporus)

Golmajer, Ažbe (avtor), Gregori, Andrej (mentor)

Mikoparazitska gliva Lecanicillium fungicola, bolj znana kot »dry bubble disease«, povzroča škodo na gojenih vrstah gliv, predvsem na dvotrosnem kukmaku (Agaricus bisporus). Barve kolonije se razprostirajo od bele, belorjave, belorumene, kremnih odtenkov in ostalih zbledelih odtenkov primarne bele. Razmnoževalne strukture so konidiji (nespolne spore). Optimalna temperatura za rast je 18 do 24 °C, nad 30 °C ni zaznane rasti. V naravi jo najdemo povsod, kjer poteka razkrajanje organske snovi, prenaša pa se s stikom. Patogen je na svojem gostitelju viden kot »mehur«, ang. »dry bubble«. Gostitelj je vidno deformiran in nižje rasti. Če je kukmak v zgodnji fazi rasti, ne doseže svojega teoretičnega potenciala. Patogen se po sporulaciji hitro razširi po celotni gobarni, najbolj so prizadeta območja v žarišču okužbe, širi pa se s smerjo pretok zraka. Možen je tudi do 30 % izpad pridelka. Učinkovitega varstva proti patogenu trenutno ni, saj hitro razvije toleranco za fungicide ali pa je aktivna snov v njem preagresivna do gojene vrste. Za varstvo se uporabljajo nekateri fungicidi, vendar je trenutno najučinkovitejša metoda varstva stroga higiena v gobarni, antistatična oblačila, filtracija zraka, razkuževanje prostorov, orodja in opreme.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: Lecanicillium fungicola, Agaricus bisporus, mehur, glive
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: BF - Biotehniška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-161195
• COBISS.SI-ID: 207098115
• Datum objave v RUL: 08.09.2024

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Lecanicillium fungicola on Agaricus bisporus

Izvleček

The mycoparasitic fungus Lecanicillium fungicola, better known as »Dry bubble disease«, causes damage to cultivated mushroom species, especially the button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). Colony colors range from white, white-brown, whiteyellow, cream to other faded shades of primary white. The reproductive structures are conidia (asexual spores). The optimal temperature for growth is 18 to 24°C, with no growth observed above 30°C. In nature, it is found wherever organic material decomposes and is transmitted by contact. The pathogen is visible on its host as a »dry bubble« and leads to visible deformation and stunting of the host. If the infection occurs in the early stages of growth, the mushroom does not reach its theoretical potential. The pathogen spreads rapidly throughout the mushroom after sporulation, primarily affecting the initial infection site and spreading in the direction of airstream. Crop losses of up to 30% is possible. There is currently no effective protection against the pathogen, as it quickly develops tolerance or the active ingredient in the fungicide is too aggressive towards the cultivated mushroom. Some fungicides are used for protection, but the most effective measure at present is strict hygiene in mushroom cultivation, including antiseptic clothing, air filtration, and disinfection of premises, tools and equipment.

• Ključne besede: Lecanicillium fungicola, white button mushroom, bubble, fungi