Multifunctional roles of γ-enolase in the central nervous system : more than a neuronal marker

Horvat, Selena (author), Kos, Janko (author), Pišlar, Anja (author)

Enolase, a multifunctional protein with diverse isoforms, has generally been recognized for its primary roles in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. The shift in isoform expression from α-enolase to neuron-specific γ-enolase extends beyond its enzymatic role. Enolase is essential for neuronal survival, differentiation, and the maturation of neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system. Neuron-specific γ-enolase is a critical biomarker for neurodegenerative pathologies and neurological conditions, not only indicating disease but also participating in nerve cell formation and neuroprotection and exhibiting neurotrophic-like properties. These properties are precisely regulated by cysteine peptidase cathepsin X and scaffold protein γ1-syntrophin. Our findings suggest that γ-enolase, specifically its C-terminal part, may offer neuroprotective benefits against neurotoxicity seen in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, although the therapeutic potential of γ-enolase seems promising, the effectiveness of enolase inhibitors is under debate. This paper reviews the research on the roles of γ-enolase in the central nervous system, especially in pathophysiological events and the regulation of neurodegenerative diseases.

• Language: English
• Keywords: γ-enolase, neuronal marker, neurotrophic-like factor, neurodegeneration, neuroprotection
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.02 - Review Article
• Organization: FFA - Faculty of Pharmacy
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2024
• Number of pages: 16 str.
• Numbering: Vol. 14, article no. 61
• UDC: 616.8
• ISSN on article: 2045-3701
• DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01240-6
• COBISS.SI-ID: 197795331
• Publication date in RUL: 06.09.2024

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Cell & bioscience
• Shortened title: Cell biosci.
• Publisher: BioMed Central
• ISSN: 2045-3701
• COBISS.SI-ID: 523024665

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: γ-enolaza, nevronski marker, nevrotrofični faktorji, nevrodegeneracija, nevroprotekcija, biomarkerji, nevrologija

Projects

• Funder: ARIS - Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency
• Project number: P4-0127
• Name: Farmacevtska biotehnologija: znanost za zdravje