Introduction: Appropriate orthopaedic footwear is essential for patients with type II diabetes, as it can make a significant contribution to preventing complications such as foot ulcers and deformities and improving overall quality of life. The correct selection and use of orthopaedic footwear can help maintain balance, reduce pressure on sensitive areas of the feet and provide the necessary support during walking. Purpose: The aim of the thesis was to investigate and compare different approaches and technologies for the orthotic fitting of type II diabetic patients with appropriate orthopaedic footwear and insoles, focusing on the effects on balance, kinetics and kinematics of gait. The aim is to gain insight into the effectiveness and suitability of these approaches to improve functionality and comfort in type II diabetic patients. Methods: In the theoretical part of the thesis, a literature review was conducted to investigate different approaches to orthopaedic care for type II diabetic patients, using a range of online databases and literature sources, mainly in English. The empirical part of the work is based on a user with diabetes. The study compared two pairs of custom-made orthopaedic footwear and five pairs of orthopaedic insoles made with different technologies and materials. The manufactured medical devices were also tested, focusing in particular on the impact of the upper layer of the insole. Results: The results of our study show that different combinations of custom-made orthopaedic footwear and insoles have a significant impact on the walking pattern of an individual with type II diabetes. The B5 orthotic combination, which contains the most flexible insole, provides the most symmetrical and fluid gait and improves stability compared to the other combinations tested. In addition, the harder sole and insole materials are found to be less suitable for older users, as they lead to shorter strides and more instability when walking. Discussion and conclusion: 3D-printing technology and advanced artificial intelligence solutions in medicine enable the development of customised orthoses and prostheses that will revolutionise the treatment of patients. In the future, smart insoles and 3D-printed orthopaedic footwear with built-in artificial intelligence will improve the quality of life of diabetics and reduce the risk of complications. Research into functional and aesthetically acceptable orthopaedic footwear will make an important contribution to better care and prevention.
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