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Effect of abiotic factors on nectar quality and secretion of two early spring species, Galanthus nivalis L. and Helleborus niger L.
ID
Malovrh, Katja
(
Author
),
ID
Bavcon, Jože
(
Author
),
ID
Križman, Mitja
(
Author
),
ID
Ravnjak, Blanka
(
Author
)
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https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/16/8/469
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Abstract
Floral nectar is mainly a reward in the form of food for pollinators. In early spring, when snow can still be present, pollinators have trouble finding food. The composition and productivity of nectar in flowers play an important role in a pollinator’s life. It is known that low temperatures and lower humidity cause lower nectar secretion. Some studies have also shown that the quality of nectar can differ because of lower temperatures. In our research, we analysed whether abiotic factors affect nectar secretion, as well as the nectar composition of the early spring plant species Galanthus nivalis L. and Helleborus niger L. in February 2024. The study was conducted in two locations in nature. Nectar from H. niger was sampled in Tomišelj, Slovenia, whereas nectar from G. nivalis was sampled in Ljubljana, Slovenia. On four different days at three different times of day, we sampled nectar from flowers using microcapillaries. In total, we sampled 48 nectar samples from one species. We analysed soil humidity and temperature, air temperature and humidity, and UVB radiation. Our results show that nectar productivity is highest in the morning for both species. H. niger has sucrose-dominant nectar, while G. nivalis has hexose-dominant nectar. Proline, which is an important amino acid for bees, has the highest level in both species, as does the phenolic compound rutin. Environmental factors do affect nectar secretion. Soil and air temperature affect G. nivalis nectar secretion, while soil humidity affects H. niger nectar secretion. Soil and air temperature also have an effect on higher levels of sugars in both researched nectars. UVB, air humidity, and air and soil temperature seem to have an effect on phenolic compounds, but abiotic factors do not affect amino acids.
Language:
English
Keywords:
amino acids
,
environmental factors
,
Galanthus
,
Helleborus
,
nectar composition
,
nectar secretion
,
phenolic compounds
,
sugars
,
pollinators
Work type:
Article
Typology:
1.01 - Original Scientific Article
Organization:
BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Publication status:
Published
Publication version:
Version of Record
Publication date:
03.08.2024
Year:
2024
Number of pages:
Str. 1-20
Numbering:
Vol. 16, issue 8, [article no.] 469
PID:
20.500.12556/RUL-160053
UDC:
581.192:582
ISSN on article:
1424-2818
DOI:
10.3390/d16080469
COBISS.SI-ID:
204172547
Publication date in RUL:
12.08.2024
Views:
84
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13
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Title:
Diversity
Shortened title:
Diversity
Publisher:
MDPI
ISSN:
1424-2818
COBISS.SI-ID:
517523737
Licences
License:
CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Link:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Description:
This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.
Secondary language
Language:
Slovenian
Keywords:
aminokisline
,
okoljski dejavniki
,
Galanthus
,
Helleborus
,
nektar
,
fenolne spojine
,
sladkorji
,
opraševalci
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