Vpliv visoko intenzivne vadbe na kostno gostoto pri pacientih z osteopenijo ali osteoporozo – pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Lazić, Miloš (avtor), Vauhnik, Renata (mentor), Brezovar, Tjaž (komentor), Kacin, Alan (recenzent)

Uvod: Osteoporoza in osteopenija sta bolezni skeleta, za kateri sta značilni nizka kostna gostota in razgradnja kostnega tkiva, kar poveča krhkost in verjetnost zloma kosti. Vadba ima lahko pozitiven vpliv na povečanje mineralne kostne gostote (MKG) in zmanjšanje tveganja za padce. Še vedno pa obstaja negotovost glede tega, katera vrsta vadbe je pri tem najbolj učinkovita in kakšen vpliv ima povečanje obsega in intenzivnosti vadbe. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil na podlagi pregleda znanstvene in strokovne literature ugotoviti, kako visoko intenzivna vadba vpliva na kostno gostoto pri pacientih z osteopenijo ali osteoporozo. Metode dela: Iskanje literature je potekalo v podatkovni zbirki PubMed. Izbrane so bile raziskave, ki so ustrezale sledečim vključitvenim merilom: randomizirane kontrolirane klinične raziskave, objavljene med letom 2014 in 2024, dostopnost celotnega besedila, raziskave s preiskovanci, ki so imeli potrjeno osteopenijo oz. osteoporozo, raziskave, ki so ugotavljale vpliv visoko intenzivne vadbe na kostno gostoto in ki niso vključevale poškodovanih posameznikov. Rezultati: V pregled literature je bilo vključenih devet raziskav. Za visoko intenzivno vadbo je sedem raziskav uporabilo vadbo proti uporu, ena raziskava skupinsko aerobiko ter ena raziskava poskoke s trdimi pristanki. V šestih raziskavah je prišlo do statistično značilnega izboljšanja v kostni gostoti, tri raziskave pa so imele statistično nepomembna ohranjanja oz. izboljšanja. Razprava in zaključek: Izsledki pregledanih raziskav so pokazali učinkovitost visoko intenzivne vadbe na kostno gostoto pri pacientih z osteoporozo oz. osteopenijo, še posebej vadba proti uporu, ki je bila najbolj efektivna pri povečanju kostne gostote. V prihodnjih raziskavah bi bilo treba vključiti večje število preiskovancev, daljše trajanje raziskave, dodati vmesna testiranja, uporabiti primerno intenzivne vadbene programe in primerjati različne vrste visoko intenzivne vadbe.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, osteoporoza, osteopenija, visoko intenzivna vadba, mineralna kostna gostota
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [M. Lazić]
• Leto izida: 2024
• Št. strani: 23, [5] str., [6] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-159412
• UDK: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 201288707
• Datum objave v RUL: 10.07.2024

LAZIĆ, Miloš, 2024, Vpliv visoko intenzivne vadbe na kostno gostoto pri pacientih z osteopenijo ali osteoporozo – pregled literature : diplomsko delo [na spletu]. Diplomsko delo. Ljubljana : M. Lazić. [Dostopano 19 maj 2025]. Pridobljeno s: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=slv&id=159412

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Effect of high intensity exercise on bone marrow density on patients with osteopenia or osteoporosis – literature review : diploma work

Izvleček

Introduction: Osteoporosis and osteopenia are skeletal diseases characterized by low bone density and loss of bone tissue, which increases fragility and the likelihood of bone fracture. Exercise can have a positive effect on increasing bone mineral density (BMD) and reducing the risk of falls. However, there is still uncertainty about which type of exercise is the most effective and what effect increasing exercise volume and intensity may have. Purpose: The aim of this diploma work is to determine the effects of high-intensity exercise on bone density in patients with osteopenia or osteoporosis, based on a review of scientific literature. Methods: To conduct a comprehensive search, the PubMed database was utilized to retrieve relevant literature. Studies were selected if they met the following inclusion criteria: randomized controlled trials published between 2014 and 2024, full–text availability, studies with patients with osteopenia or osteoporosis, and studies which observed the effects of high-intensity exercise on bone density and did not include injured participants. Results: Nine studies were included in the literature review. The exercise types used in the studies were weight-bearing and resistance training in seven cases, group-based aerobic exercises in one case, and high-impact exercise in one case. In five studies, there was a significant improvement in bone density, while four studies had insignificant improvements or preservations of bone density. Discussion and conclusion: The results of the reviewed trials showed the effectiveness of high-intensity exercise on bone density in patients with osteoporosis or osteopenia. In future research, we recommend including a larger number of subjects, a longer intervention period, adding intermediate testing, using appropriate workout intensity, and comparing different types of exercises.

• Ključne besede: diploma theses, physiotherapy, osteoporosis, osteopenia, high-intensity exercise, bone mineral density