Introduction: The shoulder joint is considered the most mobile joint in the human body and is consequently the most susceptible to injuries. One of the common pathologies due to the joint capsule's looseness and the joint's extensive range of motion is shoulder instability. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to review scientific literature to present the anatomy and pathophysiology of multidirectional instability of the shoulder joint and the effects of conservative treatment. Methods: A literature search was conducted using the PubMed database. Studies were selected based on the following criteria: randomized controlled trials and clinical studies, studies with conservative treatment, studies including patients with multidirectional shoulder instability, and studies published in the English language. Results: Five studies were included in the literature review. Various rehabilitation programs were used as forms of conservative treatment. Some exercises focused solely on muscle strengthening, while others aimed to provide control of movement and the position of the scapula and humeral head before strengthening. Significant differences were found in all studies, although some were not statistically significant. Discussion and conclusion: Conservative treatment improves muscle strength and scapular position and reduces pain in patients with multidirectional shoulder joint instability. Future research should continue with larger sample sizes, including a control group, and implementing more extended follow-up periods.
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