Twenty-first century has brought exponential technological development and we now live in a world permeated by digital technology. Consequently, cybersecurity has become a central topic in (inter)national security, while the mass proliferation of artificial intelligence further increases its significance. This master's thesis positions technology and artificial intelligence within international relations theory, thereby highlighting the importance of understanding the technological factor in security studies. A constructivist understanding of technology as a tool shaped by international actors also changes the perception of threats and security in cyberspace. With comparative analysis and interpretation of secondary sources, the thesis explores how artificial intelligence can contribute to both the enhancement and reduction of cybersecurity for individuals, states, and the international community. The analysis has shown that artificial intelligence brings extensive opportunities for improving security systems and processes, while also presenting new challenges and risks that require a cautious approach and regulation. The increasing capability and commercial availability of artificial intelligence also increase the power of non-state actors. Therefore, the relevance of the research is multifaceted, showcasing the changing roles of selected actors in the international community and the need for an improved way of managing technology. This convincingly demonstrates that states will need to cooperate more closely with transnational technological enterprises in order to manage artificial intelligence in a way that ensures both their own, as well as the security of their citizens. Cyberspace has for the first time »shaken« the sovereignty of states as the central actors in the international community, as sovereignty is almost impossible to ensure there; meaning that those states that can effectively utilise the capabilities of artificial intelligence will have a competitive advantage on the international stage.
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