Sistematični pregled vpliva prepovedanih drog na kardiovaskularni sistem

Mihelič, Maruša (avtor), Peterlin Mašič, Lucija (mentor)

Zloraba prepovedanih drog je v zadnjih 10-15 letih zelo narasla. Prepovedane droge večinoma delujejo na osrednji živčni sistem, kar je razlog, da uporaba prepovedanih drog povzroča odvisnost. Zloraba drog ima negativne učinke na celoten organizem, vendar se bomo v naši nalogi osredotočili na kardiovaskularni sistem. Najbolj izrazit učinek na kardiovaskularni sistem imajo psihostimulansi, med katerimi sta najbolj znana in raziskana kokain in amfetamin ter njegov analog, metamfetamin. Bolezni srca in ožilja so glavni vzrok obolevnosti in umrljivost v večini razvitih držav sveta. Kardiovaskularni sistem podpira delovanje našega organizma in negativne posledice uporabe drog lahko pustijo velik pečat na našem organizmu. Najpogostejši akutni posledici, ki sta skupni vsem prepovedanim drogam, sta povišanje krvnega tlaka in motnje srčnega ritma, kar pa ob pogostem uživanju prepovedanih drog lahko vodi v resnejše zaplete, kot so okvara srčne mišice ali celo srčni infarkt. Zadnje desetletje predstavljajo veliko težavo nove psihoaktivne snovi, ki imajo podobno kemijsko strukturo ali farmakološki profil kot tradicionalne prepovedane droge, ki so že uvrščene na seznam prepovedanih drog. Na splošno so neželeni učinki in mehanizem delovanja novih psihoaktivnih snovi podobni tradicionalnim prepovedanim drogam, vendar lahko ostanejo neodkrite pri preverjanju prisotnosti prepovedanih drog, kar lahko poveča tveganje za nepravilno obravnavo v primeru akutnih zastrupitev. V magistrski nalogi smo izvedli sistematični pregled prepovedanih drog, ki imajo vpliv na kardiovaskularni sistem in raziskali njihove mehanizme delovanja. Pregledali smo nevarnosti, ki jih prepovedane droge predstavljajo za kardiovaskularni sistem, preverili, ali obstajajo smernice za obravnavo pacientov, ki imajo kardiovaskularne težave zaradi zlorabe drog in poiskali načine, kako bi lahko poskusili izobraziti ljudi glede negativnih učinkov in poskusili zmanjšati prisotnost prepovedanih drog v naših življenjih. Pri sistematičnem pregledu prepovedanih drog smo ugotovili, katere prepovedane droge imajo najbolj raziskan vpliv na kardiovaskularni sistem, kakšni so njihovi mehanizmi delovanja in kako lahko prepoznamo zastrupitve s temi prepovedanimi drogami. V nadaljevanju smo se osredotočili na kokain, saj smo o njem našli največ raziskav in informacij o njegovem delovanju in posledicah, ki jih njegova uporaba lahko pusti na kardiovaskularnem sistem. V nalogi smo ugotovili, da specifične smernice za obravnavo pacientov, ki imajo kardiovaskularne težave zaradi zlorabe prepovedanih drog, ne obstajajo oziroma niso enotne, zato bi bilo smiselno obnoviti smernice in vključiti tudi način obravnave pacienta, ki imajo kardiovaskularne težave zaradi zlorabe prepovedanih drog.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: prepovedane droge, vpliv prepovedanih drog na kardiovaskularni sistem, nove psihoaktivne snovi, kokain, amfetamin, klinične smernice
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: FFA - Fakulteta za farmacijo
• Leto izida: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-154015
• Datum objave v RUL: 19.01.2024

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Systematic review of illicit drugs effects on the cardiovascular system

Izvleček

Drug abuse has increased dramatically in the last 10-15 years. Illicit drugs mainly affect the central nervous system, which is why drug abuse leads to addiction. The effects of drug abuse have negative consequences for the whole organism, but in our thesis, we will focus on the cardiovascular system. The most drastic effects on the cardiovascular system are caused by psychostimulants, of which cocaine and amphetamine and its analogue, methamphetamine, are the most known and researched. Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the majority of developed countries in the world. The cardiovascular system supports the functioning of our organism, and the negative effects of drug use can severely affect our organism. The most common acute drug-related consequences are increased blood pressure and cardiac arrhythmias, which can lead to more serious complications, such as myocardial damage or even heart failure with frequent use of illicit drugs. In the last decade, new psychoactive substances, that have a similar chemical structure or pharmacological profile to traditional illicit drugs, that are already on the illicit drugs list, have become a major problem. In general, the negative effects and activity of new psychoactive substances are similar to traditional illicit drugs, but the problem is that they can go undetected during drug screening, which can increase the risk of incorrect treatment in acute intoxication emergencies. In our thesis, we discovered that there are no specific or standard guidelines for the treatment of patients with cardiovascular problems due to illicit drug abuse, so we think it would be useful to update the guidelines to include the treatment of patients with cardiovascular problems due to illicit drug abuse. In our thesis, we conducted a systematic review of illicit drugs that have effects on the cardiovascular system and investigated their mechanisms of action. We reviewed the dangers that illicit drugs have on the cardiovascular system, checked whether there are guidelines for treating patients suffering from cardiovascular problems due to drug abuse, and we looked for options, in which we could try to educate people about the negative effects and try to reduce the presence of illicit drugs in our lives.

• Ključne besede: illicit drugs, effects of illicit drugs on the cardiovascular system, new psychoactive substances, cocaine, amphetamine, clinical guidelines