Protein corona that forms around nanoparticles in physiological media plays an important role in the biocompatibility of nanoparticles. The aim of our research was to determine the composition of the protein corona of selected nanoparticles in the blood serum of healthy individuals. We incubated nanoparticles with human serum to form the protein corona. We separated the corona proteins on a SDS-PAGE electrophoresis gel and identified them by mass spectrometry. We determined which nanoparticles bind the highest number of proteins and how the composition of the protein corona differs between nanoparticles. By identifying the proteins that bind to selected nanoparticles in blood serum, we deepened our understanding of the potential effects of different nanoparticles on physiological balance after their entry into the body. We were interested in the composition of the protein corona, the differences between different nanoparticles, and in the specific interactions with proteins that could potentially cause adverse effects of nanoparticles on processes such as blood coagulation, complement and platelet activation. We have confirmed the hypothesis that the composition of the protein corona differs between the selected nanoparticles and demonstrated the involvement of the identified proteins in the processes of hemostasis and immune response. Based on the results of our research, we can conclude that the selected nanoparticles are involved in unexpected interactions with blood proteins, which could potentially impact the success of biomedical procedures involving nanoparticles. Additionally, these interactions could lead to undesirable immune responses and other effects. Consequently, nanoparticles could represent a risk factor for human health due to increasing exposure to nanoparticles.
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