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Pravni in politični vidik sankcioniranja držav zaradi nespoštovanja sodb Evropskega sodišča za človekove pravice : magistrsko diplomsko delo
ID Koren, April Alja (Author), ID Cerar, Miro (Mentor) More about this mentor... This link opens in a new window

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Abstract
Svet Evrope je vodilna regijska mednarodna organizacija na področju varstva človekovih pravic, njegova glavna sodna institucija – ESČP pa skrbi za dosledno upoštevanje EKČP. Organizacijo že izvorno sestavljajo pravni in politični elementi, kar pa se kaže tako v njenem ustroju, kot tudi v njenem delovanju. Družbena pojava pravo in politika sicer s filozofskega vidika sestavljata neločljivo povezano enoto, ki pa jo je človek ločil zaradi potreb funkcioniranja človeške družbe. Delno ali celo popolno prekrivanje teh dveh pojavov nakazuje na težavnost njune ločitve. Prekrivanje zasledimo tudi v sistemu nadzora nad izvrševanjem sodb ESČP, ki ga opravlja glavni politični organ Sveta Evrope – Odbor ministrov. Odbor, drugi organi Sveta Evrope ter države članice imajo proti državam kršiteljicam, ki 'načelno' ali pa 'zavlačevalno' ne izvršijo obveznosti izhajajoče iz sodbe ESČP, na voljo različne sankcije. Nekatere so bolj politične narave (npr. Odbor ministrov sprejema vmesne resolucije, nekatere diplomatske sankcije držav članic), druge bolj pravne narave (npr. izločitev države iz organizacije). Od sprejema protokola št. 14 k EKČP pa ima Odbor ministrov na voljo tudi uvedbo postopka ugotavljanja kršitev, v sklopu katerega ESČP presodi, ali je država izpolnila svoje obveznosti iz prve sodbe. Kljub temu da večina držav uspešno izvršuje sodbe, je zadnji primer, ki je bil deležen presoje v sklopu postopka ugotavljanja kršitev – Kavala v. Turčija, izpostavil krhkost konvencijskega sistema ter problematiko neučinkovitosti sankcij na ravni mednarodnih organizacij. Pa vendar - veliko število zaključenih primerov v zadnjih letih nakazuje, da države kršiteljice večinsko ravnajo v dobri veri ter celovito in pravočasno izvršujejo sodbe, zaradi česar je sistem vsaj za zdaj uspešen.

Language:Slovenian
Keywords:Svet Evrope, varstvo človekovih pravic, izvrševanje sodb ESČP, postopek ugotavljanja kršitev, pravo in politika, učinkovitost sankcij
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Typology:2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:PF - Faculty of Law
Place of publishing:Ljubljana
Publisher:A. A. Koren
Year:2023
Number of pages:51 str.
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-150479 This link opens in a new window
UDC:341.6:342.7(043.2)
COBISS.SI-ID:165358595 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:19.09.2023
Views:959
Downloads:84
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:: Legal and political aspect of sanctioning countries for non-compliance with judgments of the European Court of Human Rights
Abstract:
The Council of Europe is the leading regional international organization in the field of human rights protection, where its main judicial institution – the ECtHR – ensures strict compliance with the ECHR. The organization originally consists of legal and political elements, which is reflected both in its structure and in its day-to-day operations. From a philosophical point of view, the social phenomena of law and politics constitute an inseparably connected unit, which has been separated by man due to his needs of the functioning society. Partial or even complete overlap of these two phenomena shows the difficulty of separating them, which is also reflected in the system of monitoring the execution of ECtHR judgments, which is carried out by the main political body of the Council of Europe - the Committee of Ministers. The Committee, other bodies of the Council of Europe and the member states can impose various sanctions against offending countries that 'in principle' or 'tardily' do not fulfill their obligations from the judgment. Some are of a more political nature (e.g. interim resolutions, diplomatic sanctions of member states), others of a more legal nature (e.g. the expulsion from the organization). Since the adoption of Protocol no. 14, the Committee of Ministers can initiate the infringement proceedings, within which the ECtHR assesses whether the state has fulfilled its obligations from the first judgment. Despite the fact that most countries act in good faith and successfully enforce judgments, the last case that has been assessed in the infringement procedure – Kavala v. Türkiye, pointed out the fragility of the Convention system and the issue of the ineffectiveness of sanctions at the level of international organizations, in the event that the country absolutely refuses to implement its obligations.

Keywords:Council of Europe, protection of human rights, enforcement of judgments of the ECtHR, infringement proceedings, law and politics, effectiveness of sanctions

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