The Council of Europe is the leading regional international organization in the field of human rights protection, where its main judicial institution – the ECtHR – ensures strict compliance with the ECHR. The organization originally consists of legal and political elements, which is reflected both in its structure and in its day-to-day operations. From a philosophical point of view, the social phenomena of law and politics constitute an inseparably connected unit, which has been separated by man due to his needs of the functioning society. Partial or even complete overlap of these two phenomena shows the difficulty of separating them, which is also reflected in the system of monitoring the execution of ECtHR judgments, which is carried out by the main political body of the Council of Europe - the Committee of Ministers. The Committee, other bodies of the Council of Europe and the member states can impose various sanctions against offending countries that 'in principle' or 'tardily' do not fulfill their obligations from the judgment. Some are of a more political nature (e.g. interim resolutions, diplomatic sanctions of member states), others of a more legal nature (e.g. the expulsion from the organization). Since the adoption of Protocol no. 14, the Committee of Ministers can initiate the infringement proceedings, within which the ECtHR assesses whether the state has fulfilled its obligations from the first judgment. Despite the fact that most countries act in good faith and successfully enforce judgments, the last case that has been assessed in the infringement procedure – Kavala v. Türkiye, pointed out the fragility of the Convention system and the issue of the ineffectiveness of sanctions at the level of international organizations, in the event that the country absolutely refuses to implement its obligations.
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