Increasingly frequent and longer heat waves of greater magnitude, are a direct consequence of global warming. The increased temperature of the environment reduces the efficiency of heat removal from the body and consequently affects the increase in the body core temperature, which should be maintained at around 37 °C under optimal conditions. An elevated body core temperature can lead to heat strain, which affects health as well as behavior and cognitive performance. In professional settings, this can affect employee safety and work productivity. Both in industry and in the field, employees are exposed to demanding tasks, which, in combination with heat stress, can lead to a greater risk of human error with potentially serious consequences. Due to a number of occupational as well as everyday situations, where people are exposed to high temperatures, it is important to understand how heat stress affects our ability to function, as well as our well-being and to also explore strategies that can mitigate the negative effects of heat stress. The aim of this study was to examine how exposure to heat stress in a climate chamber affects performance of Slovenian army soldiers, evaluated with cognitive tasks (the Stroop test and the Trail Making Test). A prototype of evaporative vest was tested to investigate whether its use could mitigate potential negative effects of heat strain. The results of the cognitive tests did not show statistically significant differences in reaction times and number of errors before and after exposure to heat stress, with exception of ~2 s faster reaction times in Stroop test, which were observed after the experiment in all conditions. However, participants reported about greater thermal comfort when using the evaporative vest, although no statistically significant differences in physiological parameters were observed. The findings and observations of this study can be helpful in the development of a more effective prototype of evaporative vest that could potentially be used in work environments where maintaining a comfortable ambient temperature can be challenging or not feasible.
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