Despite three decades of discovery of fundamental quantum algorithms for secure key exchange, the technology is still not well-established in professional and social usage. This thesis focuses on helping the general public understand quantum encryption. Here, we attempt to find a way to secure information transmission over telecommunication networks. The theses first defines cryptography and its purpose. Moving on, quantum cryptography is introduced as a solution to the problem using the principles of quantum mechanics. Its significance in secure communication is presented, where data security depends on which encryption algorithm is used and the length of the key. The biggest security issue, hence the concern, lies in key distribution among different users. You will find an answer to different questions while reading this theses, one of which is, "How does the loss of photons in the communication channel affect key transmission?". The causes of photon loss are identified, which can be due to imperfect communication equipment or malicious spying. The thesis is based on quantum key distribution protocols BB84 and B92. Through simulations of quantum phenomena, it defines the impact of lost photons in each protocol. The current state of security offered by quantum encryption is also defined, along with potential challenges and limitations. This paper also defines the accuracy of synchronization between the transmitter and receiver of the encryption key in a quantum-based key exchange. In conclusion the key points of the theses are summarized and the future of quantum cryptography and quantum encryption in communication security is shown.
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