Introduction: A tracheotomy is a surgical creation of an airway by making an incision in the trachea and inserting a tracheal cannula. There are different ways of inserting a tracheostomy and several types of tracheal cannulae. The nurse plays an important role before, during and after tracheostomy insertion. Optimal nursing care for the tracheostomized patient is essential and includes care for all the basic human needs, but focuses especially on breathing. Purpose: The aim of this diploma work is to deepen and present knowledge about tracheostomies, tracheostomy care and tracheal cannula care and to emphasise the importance of the medical toilet of tracheal cannula. Methods: The descriptive method was used, with a review of both domestic and foreign literature. Literature was reviewed from various databasses, namely CINAHL, Cobib, Medline, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Dikul browser. The literature we used was published between 2012 and 2022. Results: Tracheostomy is a life-saving procedure, but it can also lead to serious complications such as tracheal wall damage, bleeding and pneumothoray, that can be prevented or dealt with in time with the right knowledge. The focus of tracheostomy care is on the patient's respiratory function, which is ensured by regular airway cleansing, humidification and medical toilet of tracheal cannula. Discussion and conclusion: Tracheostomies are increasingly common in the clinical setting, and there are more and more people with permanent tracheostomy in the home enviroment. For this reason, it is important that the nurse has a lot of knowledge of tracheostomy care and is confident when working with tracheostomized patients, so that she can pass on her knowledge to the patient and prepare them for living with tracheostomy at home.
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