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Reducing energy availability in male endurance athletes : a randomized trial with a three-step energy reduction
ID Jurov, Iva (Author), ID Keay, Nicola (Author), ID Rauter, Samo (Author)

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Abstract
Background: Low energy availability (EA) can be detrimental for athlete health. Currently, it is not known what the threshold for low EA in men is, and what effects it may have on performance. Methods: This study was set to determine potential effects of low EA by modulating male participants’ exercise energy expenditure and controlling energy intake and consequently manipulating EA in three progressive stages (reducing EA by 25%, and 75%). Performance was measured with three specific tests for explosive power, endurance, and agility. Blood was drawn, resting energy expenditure was monitored and two questionnaires were repetitively used to address any changes in eating behaviors and well-being. Results: Repeated measured design showed poorer performance (power output 391.82 ± 29.60 vs. 402.5 ± 40.03 W, p = 0.001; relative power output 5.53 ± 0.47 vs. 5.60 ± 0.47 W/kg, p = 0.018; explosive power 0.28 ± 0.04 vs. 0.32 ± 0.05 m, p = 0.0001, lactate concentration 7.59 ± 2.29 vs 10.80 ± 2.46 mmol/L, p = 0.001), the quartile range for testosterone was lower (2.33 ± 1.08 vs. 2.67 ± 0.78, p = 0.026) and there was a tendency for lower triiodothyronine (4.15 ± 0.61 vs. 4.46 ± 0.54 pmol/L, p = 0.072). Eating behaviors and well-being were worse (46.64 ± 7.55 vs. 24.58 ± 7.13, p = 0.011 and 15.18 ± 2.44 vs. 17.83 ± 3.54, p = 0.002). The intervention also resulted in lower body fat (8.44 ± 3.15 vs. 10.2 ± 2.5%, p = 0.013). Conclusions: Analysis showed that most of the negative effects occurred in the range of 9–25 kCal·kg∙FFM·d$^{−1}$. This is the range where we suggest a threshold for LEA in men could be. Reducing EA impaired explosive power first, then endurance. It was associated with a reduction in testosterone, triiodothyronine and there was a tendency for reduced IGF-1, but hormones were more resilient to changes in EA. Psychological assessment of eating behaviors and well-being proved to be very useful, whereas monitoring resting energy expenditure did not.

Language:English
Keywords:estimating energy expenditure, physical activity, exercise testing
Work type:Article
Typology:1.01 - Original Scientific Article
Organization:FŠ - Faculty of Sport
Publication status:Published
Publication version:Version of Record
Year:2022
Number of pages:Str. 179-195
Numbering:Vol. 19, no. 1
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-145392 This link opens in a new window
UDC:613.2
ISSN on article:1550-2783
DOI:10.1080/15502783.2022.2065111 This link opens in a new window
COBISS.SI-ID:105874691 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:20.04.2023
Views:609
Downloads:111
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Record is a part of a journal

Title:Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
Publisher:Taylor & Francis
ISSN:1550-2783
COBISS.SI-ID:3048212 This link opens in a new window

Licences

License:CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Description:This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.

Secondary language

Language:Slovenian
Keywords:prehrana, atleti, redukcija energije

Projects

Funder:ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
Project number:P5-0147
Name:Kineziologija monostrukturnih, polistrukturnih in konvencionalnih športov

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