Assessment of Vitamin D status in Slovenian premenopausal and postmenopausal women, Using total, free, and bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)

Vičič, Vid (author), Kukec, Andreja (author), Kugler, Saša (author), Geršak, Ksenija (author), Osredkar, Joško (author), Pandel Mikuš, Ruža (author)

The objective of our study was to evaluate vitamin D status and its predictors in Slovenian premenopausal and postmenopausal women. A cross-sectional study was carried out between 1 March 2021 and 31 May 2021. A total of 319 healthy women from the Central Slovenian region aged between 44 and 65 were recruited; 176 were included in the final analysis. The vitamin D status was determined by measuring the total 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D) concentration, vitamin D binding protein (DBP), and albumin and calculating the bioavailable 25(OH)D and free 25(OH)D. For the calculation of bioavailable and free 25(OH)D, we developed a new online calculator. The Endocrine Society’s thresholds for vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were used; 29.0% of premenopausal and 24.4% of postmenopausal subjects were found to be vitamin D deficient (total 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L); 76.8% of the premenopausal and 61.7% of postmenopausal subjects were found to have insufficient levels (total 25(OH)D < 75 nmol/L). Premenopausal women had 11.8% lower total 25(OH)D, 32.2% lower bioavailable 25(OH)D, and 25.2% higher DBP than postmenopausal women. The most important predictors of vitamin D status were vitamin D supplementation and time spent in the sun. Contrary to similar studies, the vitamin D status in Slovenian postmenopausal women was significantly better than in premenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, the measurement of free or bioavailable 25(OH)D instead of the total 25(OH)D could be advantageous.

• Language: English
• Keywords: 25(OH)D, postmenopausal, premenopausal, bioavailable 25(OH)D, free 25(OH)D, online calculator, cholecalciferol, calcidiol, menopause, DBP
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: FFA - Faculty of Pharmacy; ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences; MF - Faculty of Medicine
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2022
• Number of pages: 12 str.
• Numbering: Vol. 14, iss. 24, art. 5349
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-143358
• UDC: 577.161.2:618.173
• ISSN on article: 2072-6643
• COBISS.SI-ID: 134262787
• Publication date in RUL: 16.12.2022

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Nutrients
• Shortened title: Nutrients
• Publisher: MDPI
• ISSN: 2072-6643
• COBISS.SI-ID: 2948140

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: po menopavzi, pred menopavzo, biorazpoložljiv 25(OH)D, prosti 25(OH)D, spletni kalkulator, holekalciferol, kalcidiol

Projects

• Funder: ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
• Project number: P3-0360-2019
• Name: Celostna obravnava alergijskih bolezni in astme v Sloveniji: od epidemiologije do genetike

• Funder: ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
• Project number: P3-0124-2020
• Name: Metabolni in prirojeni dejavniki reproduktivnega zdravja, porod III