OWNERSHIP AND TRUST MANAGEMENT IN SOCIAL INTERNET OF THINGS BASED ON BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY

MIHELJ, JERNEJ (author), Sedlar, Urban (mentor), Zhang, Yuan (co-mentor)

In vehicular traffic, we see a fast deployment of automated vehicles; manned vehicles and human actors involved in traffic are nevertheless going to continue to play important roles for quite some time to come. Therefore, the vehicular traffic domain is a great example of solutions that have to be designed with human behaviour in mind. Additionally, including people in a device-centered domain introduces additional uncertainties, nondeterminism, as well as a complex mix of automation, artificial intelligence and human-in-the-loop systems. In such environments, managing trust and reputation between all the entities involved is crucial. Often, people not only interact with devices, but also own and control them. When managed centrally, people lose direct ownership and control over their own devices as well as their device data privacy. Therefore, in certain scenarios, distributed solutions are preferred. Since these systems are of a distributed and decentralized nature, the proposed solution is designed to operate on a decentralized blockchain platform, thus eliminating a single central authority and increasing resilience to intentional and unintentional data manipulation. We compare and contrast such a decentralized design with a traditional centralized approach. To further evaluate the proposed solution, we designed a dedicated traffic event reporting system based on real-life traffic reports, mobility simulations and driving simulator study results. The results show that the proposed solution can accurately detect both events as well as manipulative behaviour even in resource-constrained decentralized blockchain implementation. Both centralized and decentralized solutions implemented the same deterministic algorithm. Since in the decentralized blockchain solution data is spread across mining nodes, the data requirements are higher in comparison to a centralized solution; however, in such cases, tamper-proof storage is provided. The proposed trust and reputation assessment solution was also assessed from the personal vehicle sharing perspective using interviews and an online survey. This part of the research coincided with the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Slovenia. Because of this, it yielded interesting results, especially regarding social distancing recommendations and lockdown policies. The results give insights about the perception and attitude towards car-sharing. An important takeaway was that the majority of people would heavily rely on their existing social networks rather than on the driving capabilities and behaviour of potential vehicle user. This informed our further design of the user-centered social IoT (SIoT) solution where we proposed an ownership management system that provides support for users to gather existing human-layer social networks data and trust emerging from it, so they can use it to inform their decisions regarding borrowing and lending vehicles.

• Language: English
• Keywords: trust, ownership, reputation, trust and ownership management, social internet of things, vehicular traffic
• Work type: Doctoral dissertation
• Organization: FE - Faculty of Electrical Engineering
• Year: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-141008
• COBISS.SI-ID: 122731779
• Publication date in RUL: 22.09.2022

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Title: UPRAVLJANJE LASTNIŠTVA IN ZAUPANJA V SISTEMIH SOCIALNEGA INTERNETA STVARI Z UPORABO VERIŽENJA PODATKOVNIH BLOKOV

Abstract

V cestnem prometu smo priča hitremu razvoju avtomatiziranih vozil, kljub temu pa bodo vozila s posadko in ostali udeleženci v prometu še kar nekaj časa igrali pomembno vlogo. Zato so rešitve v domeni cestnega prometa odličen primer rešitev, ki jih je treba oblikovati z mislijo na ljudi in končnega uporabnika. Poleg tega vključitev ljudi v sisteme načrtovane okoli naprav, vnaša dodatno negotovost, nedeterminizem ter mešanico avtomatizacije, umetne inteligence in sistemov človeka v kontrolni zanki. V takšnih okoljih je upravljanje zaupanja in ugleda med vsemi vpletenimi subjekti ključnega pomena. Pogosto ljudje ne samo interaktirajo z napravami, ampak si jih tudi lastijo in nadzorujejo. Pri centraliziranem upravljanju ljudje izgubijo možnost neposrednega upravljanja in nadzora nad napravami in podatki. Zato so v določenih scenarijih primernejše porazdeljene rešitve. Ker so ti sistemi porazdeljene in decentralizirane narave, je predlagana rešitev zasnovana za delovanje na decentralizirani platformi veriženja podatkovnih blokov, s čimer odpravlja potrebo po centralnem nadzoru ter poveča odpornost na namerno in nenamerno manipulacijo podatkov. Za ovrednotenje predlagane rešitve smo zasnovali namenski sistem za poročanje o prometnih dogodkih, ki temelji na prometnih poročilih iz resničnega življenja, simulacijah mobilnosti in rezultatih študije v simulatorju vožnje. Rezultati kažejo, da lahko predlagana rešitev natančno zazna dogodke in manipulativno vedenje tako v centralizirani kot tudi v decentralizirani implementaciji na platformi veriženja podatkovnih blokov. Obe rešitvi sta uporabljali isti deterministični algoritem. Ker so v decentralizirani rešitvi na platformi veriženja podatkovnih blokov podatki razpršeni po vozliščih, je v primerjavi s centralizirano rešitvijo podatkovno potratnejša, a tudi odporna na namerne in nenamerno potvarjanje in naknadno spreminjanje podatkov. Predlagana rešitev za oceno zaupanja in ugleda smo z intervjuji in spletno anketo ovrednotili tudi z vidika souporabe in deljenja osebnih vozil vsak z vsakim. Ta del raziskave je sovpadel s prvim valom pandemije COVID-19 v Sloveniji. Rezultati so zanimivi predvsem z vidika priporočil za omejevanje socialnih stikov in politik zapiranja javnega življenja ter dajejo vpogled v dojemanje in odnos uporabnikov do souporabe osebnih vozil. Večina ljudi bi se pri odločanju o souporabi osebnega vozila močno zanašala na obstoječa socialna omrežja in ne toliko na vozniške sposobnosti ali vedenje potencialnega uporabnika vozila. Na podlagi teh rezultatov smo zasnovali na uporabnika osredotočeno rešitev v sistemu socialnega interneta stvari. Predlagali smo sistem upravljanja lastništva, ki uporabnikom nudi podporo pri zbiranju obstoječih povezav iz njihovih socialnih omrežij, ter zaupanja, ki izhaja iz njih. Tako pridobljene podatke lahko uporabniki uporabijo za nadaljnje odločitve glede izposoje in souporabe osebnih vozil.

• Keywords: zaupanje, lastništvo, verodostojnost, upravljanje lastništva in zaupanja, socialni internet stvari, cestni promet