Current uncertainties and future challenges regarding NAD+ boosting strategies

Poljšak, Borut (author), Kovač, Vito (author), Milisav, Irina (author)

Precursors of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), modulators of enzymes of the NAD+ biosynthesis pathways and inhibitors of NAD+ consuming enzymes, are the main boosters of NAD+. Increasing public awareness and interest in anti-ageing strategies and health-promoting lifestyles have grown the interest in the use of NAD+ boosters as dietary supplements, both in scientific circles and among the general population. Here, we discuss the current trends in NAD+ precursor usage as well as the uncertainties in dosage, timing, safety, and side effects. There are many unknowns regarding pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, particularly bioavailability, metabolism, and tissue specificity of NAD+ boosters. Given the lack of long-term safety studies, there is a need for more clinical trials to determine the proper dose of NAD+ boosters and treatment duration for aging prevention and as disease therapy. Further research will also need to address the long-term consequences of increased NAD+ and the best approaches and combinations to increase NAD+ levels. The answers to the above questions will contribute to the more efficient and safer use of NAD+ boosters.

• Language: English
• Keywords: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD+, NAD+ boosters, NAD+ precursors, safety, side effects
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.02 - Review Article
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences; MF - Faculty of Medicine
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Publication date: 24.08.2022
• Year: 2022
• Number of pages: 18 str.
• Numbering: Vol. 11, iss. 9, art. 1637
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-138917
• UDC: 613.98:616-092:66.094.3.097.8
• ISSN on article: 2076-3921
• DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091637
• COBISS.SI-ID: 119104771
• Publication date in RUL: 25.08.2022

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Antioxidants
• Shortened title: Antioxidants
• Publisher: MDPI
• ISSN: 2076-3921
• COBISS.SI-ID: 522976025

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.
• Licensing start date: 24.08.2022

Secondary language

• Language: Undetermined
• Keywords: nikotinamid adenin dinukleotid, NAD+, NAD+ ojačevalci, prekurzorji NAD+, varnost, stranski učinki

Projects

• Funder: ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
• Project number: P3-0388
• Name: Mehanizmi varovanja zdravja

• Funder: ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
• Project number: P3-0019
• Name: Aplikativna in bazična fiziologija in patofiziologija v medicini