Doseganje zmerne do živahne telesne dejavnosti med izvedbo gibalnih iger pri otrocih, starih med 8 in 14 let : magistrsko delo

Jeram, Nuša (avtor), Jurak, Gregor (mentor)

Zadostna telesna dejavnost ima na splošno zdravstveno stanje posameznika številne ugodne učinke, na zdravje v odrasli dobi pa vpliva telesna dejavnost v otroštvu. Vendar pa raziskave kažejo, da otroci vedno manj dosegajo priporočila o zadostni telesni dejavnosti, katere pomemben del je najmanj 60 minut zmerno do živahne telesne dejavnosti vsak dan. Ključen dejavnik v doseganju tega je šolski prostor, še posebej pouk športne vzgoje, saj se ga udeležuje celotna generacija otrok in prav znotraj pouka lahko učitelji povečajo število minut, ko so otroci zadostno telesno dejavni. Vendar pa izsledki o obsegu dovolj intenzivne telesne dejavnosti pri pouku kažejo na prenizko obremenitev učencev. Namen projekt Joy MVPA, v okviru katerega je potekala naša raziskava, je bil zato oblikovati gibalne igre, pri katerih otroci dosegajo zmerno do živahno telesno dejavnost (ang. moderate to vigorous physical activity – MVPA), ki smo jo za potrebe raziskave opredelili kot srčno frekvenco ≥140 udarcev na minuto. V okviru raziskave smo primerjali razlike, ki so se v intenzivnosti pojavljale med spoloma, glede na všečnost iger in glede na gibalne spretnosti, ki jih je igra vsebovala. Z napravami Polar OH1 smo opravili 791 meritev (444 dečkov in 346 deklic) pri izvajanju šestdesetih različnih iger. Posamezno igro so otroci neprekinjeno izvajali 10 minut, po zaključku pa so s prilagojeno 5-stopenjsko Likertovo lestvico »smeškov« ocenili, koliko jim je bila igra všeč. Rezultati so pokazali: a) da so bile pri igrah telesno bolj dejavna dekleta (povprečni HRmax za 2,27 % višji od fantov); b) da so otroci intenzivnejše in dlje časa telesno dejavni pri igrah, ki so jim bile bolj všeč (so jih bolje ocenili); c) da organizacijska oblika igre in gibalne spretnosti, ki jih igra zajema, ne vplivajo na to, kakšna bo dosežena intenzivnost. Ugotovili smo tudi, da so igre, pri katerih so bili merjenci najbolj dejavni med seboj, zelo različne v tem, kakšne gibalne spretnosti in organizacijske oblike vključujejo, pri večini pa je osnovna gibalna spretnost tek. Na podlagi izmerjene intenzivnosti telesne dejavnosti zaključujemo, da projekt Joy MVPA ponuja pester nabor iger, ki jih lahko učitelji vključijo v pouk. Vsaka igra je z različicami oblikovana tako, da jo lahko učitelj še dodatno prilagaja glede na individualne potrebe in tako zagotovi željeno intenzivnost igre.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: MVPA, poraba energije, zdravstvena korist, športna vzgoja, otroci in mladostniki
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: FŠ - Fakulteta za šport
• Leto izida: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-137631
• COBISS.SI-ID: 119085315
• Datum objave v RUL: 24.06.2022

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Reaching moderate to vigorous physical activity between perfomance movement games for kids aged 8 to 14 years old

Izvleček

Adequate physical activity has many positive effects on a person's overall health, and physical activity in childhood has a number of effects on health in adulthood. However, research shows that it is increasingly unlikely that children will achieve the recommendations for adequate physical activity, which include at least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day. A key factor in achieving this goal is the school environment and, in particular, physical education classes as they are attended by an entire generation of children. PE teachers can increase the number of minutes children get sufficient physical activity. However, evidence suggests that the amount of sufficiently intense physical activity in the classroom is too low. The Joy MVPA project, which was the focus of our research, therefore aimed to develop physical activity games in which children achieve moderate-to-intense physical activity (MVPA), defined for the purposes of the study as a heart rate ≥140 bpm. The study compared differences in intensity between genders in terms of preference for the games and the motor skills they contained. Polar OH1 devices were used to obtain 791 measurements (444 boys and 346 girls) during 60 different games. Children played each game continuously for 10 minutes and rated how much they liked it at the end of the game using an adapted 5-point Likert scale with "smiley faces". Results showed: a) that girls were more physically active in the games (mean HRmax 2. 27 % higher than boys); b) that children were more and longer physically active in the games they liked more (rated them better); c) that the organisational form of the game and the movement skills involved in the game did not affect the intensity achieved. We also found that the games in which participants were most active differed greatly in terms of the motor skills and organisational forms used, with running being the most important motor skill for most. Based on the measured intensity of physical activity, we conclude that the Joy MVPA project offers a wide range of games that teachers can integrate into the classroom. Each game is designed with variations so that the teacher can further adapt it to individual needs to ensure that the game is sufficiently intense.

• Ključne besede: MVPA, energy consumption, health benefit, sports education, children and adolescents