Teme o poučevanju genetike v reviji American biology teacher od leta 2010 do 2020

Hočevar, Jerca (avtor), Strgar, Jelka (mentor)

Genetika ni le šolska tema pri biologiji, temveč je vedno pomembnejša tudi v vsakdanjem življenju. Daje odgovore na številna vsakdanja vprašanja, ki nas vse zanimajo, na primer: »Zakaj je prijatelj boljši v košarki?«. Zato je bistvenega pomena, da učenci razumejo osnove genetike, za kar smo v veliki meri odgovorni učitelji biologije. Učencem moramo na zanimiv in jasen način posredovati znanje genetike, ki jim bo v življenju koristilo. Za to bi bilo smiselno tradicionalen pouk, pri katerem se stremi k pomnjenju velikih količin podatkov, zamenjati za atraktivne načine poučevanja in s tem poudarek preusmeriti na povezovanje informacij in aktivnost učencev. Poleg tega biološke raziskave zelo hitro napredujejo, kar povzroča, da učiteljem pogosto primanjkuje potrebno didaktično znanje za oblikovanje ustreznih in učinkovitih aktivnosti za poučevanje genetike. Zato smo v magistrskem delu analizirali in opredeli predloge za aktivnosti pri genetiki, ki so bili objavljeni v reviji The American Biology Teacher od leta 2010 do 2020. Sestavili smo osnovni obrazec za zbiranje podatkov, ki smo ga izpolnili za vsak članek. Obrazec je vključeval leto objave članka, avtorja, državo avtorja, število strani, število navedenih virov, vrsto članka, raven izobraževanja, za katero je primerna vsebina, strukturo članka, kratek opis ter podatek, če ga je možno izvesti v Sloveniji. Ugotovili smo, da je bilo v reviji The American Biology Teacher od leta 2010 do 2020 objavljenih 28 člankov, ki so ustrezali našim kriterijem za obravnavo genetike, kar predstavlja 1,76 odstotka vseh bioloških člankov v tem obdobju. Teh 28 člankov je vsebinsko obravnavalo 18 širših genetskih tem. Ocenili smo, da je vsebina desetih člankov primerna za pouk na slovenski osnovnošolski ravni, 23 člankov je primernih za srednješolsko raven, 17 pa za univerzitetno. Z analizo člankov smo želeli prikazati nabor aktivnosti, ki so uporabne za zanimivo poučevanje genetike na različnih stopnjah izobraževanja. Poleg tega, da je pouk z aktivnostmi zanimivejši, hkrati tudi izboljšuje napačna razumevanja v genetiki. Z magistrskim delom želimo učitelje biologije spodbuditi k izvajanju poučnih in zanimivih aktivnosti, ki bi zmanjšale splošno slabo razumevanje genetike pri učencih, poleg tega pa si upamo trditi, da bi tak pouk učence tudi bolj motiviral.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: genetika
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-136379
• COBISS.SI-ID: 105937667
• Datum objave v RUL: 05.05.2022

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Topics on teaching genetics in American biology teacher journal from 2010 to 2020

Izvleček

Genetics is not only a school topic in biology, but it is also becoming increasingly important in everyday life. Genetics provides answers to many everyday questions, such as: "Why is a friend better at basketball?". It is therefore essential that students understand the basic knowledge of genetics, for which we, as biology teachers, are largely responsible. Students need to be taught the knowledge of genetics in an interesting and clear way because they can benefit from it in life. At the same time, traditional teaching, where the aim is to memorize large amounts of data, could be replaced by attractive teaching methods. Thus, shifting the emphasis to the integration of information and student activity. In addition, biological research is advancing very fast, resulting in teachers often lacking the necessary didactic knowledge to design appropriate and instructive activities for teaching genetics. Therefore, in this master's thesis with qualitative research, we analysed and defined proposals for activities in genetics, which were published in the journal The American Biology Teacher from 2010 to 2020. A basic form was filled out for each article. The form included the year of publishing, authors, home country of authors, number of pages, number of cited sources, type of article, level of education, the structure of the article, brief description, and whether feasibility is possible in Slovenia. We found that the theoretical foundations are very intertwined with the topics in the analysed articles. The misconceptions mentioned in the theoretical foundations are also presented in the articles. In addition to presenting misconceptions, articles often describe activities that prevent misconceptions or reshape misconceptions. Many activities have been given in the articles to strengthen students’ understanding of genetics. A lot of research was also presented, which supported the theory with a large majority. By analysing the articles, we want to show a set of activities that are useful for interesting teaching of genetics at different levels of education. In addition to making activities more interesting, it also reduces misunderstandings of genetics. With this master's thesis, we want to encourage biology teachers to carry out educational and interesting activities that would reduce the generally poor understanding of genetics in classrooms. We dare to say that with mentioned activities genetics will be much more understanding for the students.

• Ključne besede: genetics