Pravnofilozofski temelji pravne ureditve intelektualne lastnine

Protner, Tomo (avtor), Novak, Aleš (mentor)

Pravice intelektualne lastnine se tipično utemeljujejo s štirimi pravnofilozofskimi teorijami. Prva je teorija dela Johna Locka. Po Johnu Locku je lastninska pravica naravna pravica, ki izhaja iz vloženega dela. Pravice intelektualne lastnine bi naj bile torej upravičene s tem, da ustvarjalec vloži delo v svojo intelektualno stvaritev. Problem tovrstnega utemeljevanja intelektualnih pravic je, da se v nekatere intelektualne stvaritve ne vloži nobenega dela. Druga je Heglova osebnostna teorija, po kateri imajo posamezniki lastninski zahtevek do zunanjih manifestacij svoje osebnosti. Intelektualne stvaritve naj bi bile podaljšek posameznikove osebnosti in zato imamo do njih lastninski zahtevek. A na tak način je težko utemeljiti pravice intelektualne lastnine na intelektualnih stvaritvah, v katerih umanjka ustvarjalčeva osebnost. Tretja teorija s katero se utemeljuje intelektualna lastnina je utilitaristična teorija. Po tej teoriji je intelektualna lastnina nujna za maksimizacijo družbenih koristi, saj naj bi delovala kot spodbuda za ustvarjanje in tako prispevala k napredku znanosti in umetnosti. A marsikdaj se zgodi, da imajo pravice intelektualne lastnine obraten učinek. Zadnja teorija je teorija družbenega načrtovanja, ki intelektualno lastnino utemeljujejo s tem, da naj bi ta imela pomembno vlogo pri grajenju pravičnejše in privlačnejše družbe. Ravno obratno mnenje pa je o intelektualni lastnini imel Karl Marx, ki je menil, da je intelektualna lastnina konstrukt vladajočega razreda, s katerim ta nadzoruje delavski razred. Analiza pravnofilozofskih podlag intelektualne lastnine pokaže, da je potrebno začeti razmišljati o alternativnih možnostih, ki so na voljo za spodbujanje in nagrajevanje intelektualnega dela.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: pravnofilozofske teorije, upravičevanje intelektualne lastnine, Locke, Hegel, utilitarizem, Marx, teorija dela, osebnostna teorija, teorija družbenega načrtovanja
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: PF - Pravna fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-135605
• COBISS.SI-ID: 103953923
• Datum objave v RUL: 22.03.2022

PROTNER, Tomo, 2022, Pravnofilozofski temelji pravne ureditve intelektualne lastnine [na spletu]. Magistrsko delo. [Dostopano 3 junij 2025]. Pridobljeno s: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=slv&id=135605

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Philosophical foundations of the legal regulation of intellectual property

Izvleček

Intellectual property rights are typically justified by four philosophical theories. The first is the labor theory of John Locke. According to John Locke, a property right is a natural right that arises from the work put in. Intellectual property rights are therefore justified by the fact that the creator invests work in his intellectual creation. The problem with this justification of intellectual property rights is that no work is invested in some intellectual creations. The second is Hegel's personality theory according to which, individuals have property claims to the external manifestations of their personality. Intellectual creations are supposed to be an extension of an individual's personality and therefore individuals have a property claim to those creations. The problem is that it is difficult to justify intellectual property rights on intellectual creations that lack the creator’s personality. The third philosophical theory with which intellectual property is typically justified is the utilitarian theory. According to this theory, intellectual property is necessary to maximize social benefits, as it is supposed to act as an incentive to create and thus contribute to the advancement of science and art. But it often happens that intellectual property rights have the opposite effect. The last theory is the social planning theory, which justifies intellectual property with the fact that it is supposed to play an important role in establishing an attractive and just society. Karl Marx, who created the grounds for social planning theory, had the opposite view of intellectual property, believing that intellectual property was a construct of the ruling class with which it controlled the working class. The analysis of the philosophical bases of intellectual property shows that it is necessary to think about the alternative possibilities available for the promotion and rewarding of intellectual work.

• Ključne besede: philosophical theories, justification of intellectual property, Locke, Hegel, utilitarianism, Marx, labor theory, personality theory, social planning theory