Preskrbljenost odraslih prebivalcev Slovenije z vitaminom B12, folno kislino in homocisteinom ter povezanost njihovega pomanjkanja s kroničnimi obolenji

Jeršin, Martina (avtor), Osredkar, Joško (mentor)

V nalogi smo se pobližje spoznali z dvema B-vitaminoma, in sicer s folno kislino (vitamin B9) in vitaminom B12. Zaradi njihove tesne povezave v procesu metabolizma smo pod drobnogled vključili tudi homocistein. B-vitamine najdemo v različni hrani, kot sooreščki, zelenjava, stročnice in ribe. Njihova glavna vloga je v ohranjanju dobrega imunskega sistema, vsak posamezni vitamin pa ima še posebno vlogo. V povišanih koncentracijah ne predstavljajo težav, saj so topni v vodi in se višek lahko nemoteno izloča z urinom. Težave pa lahko nastanejo pri njihovem pomanjkanju. Pomanjkanje vitamina B12 med drugim lahko vodi v pojav megaloblastne anemije, nevtropenije ali trombocitopenije.Možni so tudi hujši zapleti, kot so na primer srčno popuščanje, nevrološke težave, rak črevesja, diabetes tipaI in avtoimunske bolezni. Pomanjkanje folne kisline pa je najbolj znano po tem, da lahko povzroči težave pri plodu in kasneje novorojenčku, saj je le-to povezano z večjo pojavnostjokongenitalnih srčnih zapletov, oralnih deformacij in poškodb živčevja. Zato je priporočeno, da nosečnice in ženske, ki nameravajo zanositi, jemljejo dodatke folne kisline vsaj 3 mesece pred zanositvijo in skozi celoten čas nosečnosti. Homocistein v telesu nastaja s pretvorbo metionina, ki ga zauživamo s hrano, sam metabolizem pa je povezan z vitaminom B12. V nasprotju z vitaminom B12 in folno kislino pa homocistein povzroča težave v povišanih koncentracijah,in sicer grevelikokrat za njegovo povezavo s srčno-žilnimi boleznimi. V statistični raziskavi smo primerjali vrednosti preiskovanih analitov z odgovori iz ankete, ki so jo izpolnili preiskovanci. Primerjali smo analite glede na spol, starost, pojavnost pridruženih obolenj in regijo bivanja preiskovancev. Rezultati so pokazali povezanost višjih koncentracij homocisteina z moškimi ter starostniki. Zaključili smo, da slovenska populacija ne predstavlja večjih tveganj glede pomanjkanja vitamina B12 in folne kisline, prav tako nimamo veliko z njimi povezanih bolezni. Za postavitev novih ukrepov države glede folne kisline iz te raziskave ni razvidno o pomanjkanju folne kisline med odraslimi ženskami v rodni dobi. V ta namen bi bilo potrebno narediti obsežnejšo raziskavo glede stanja folne kisline pri nosečnicah in ženskah, ki nameravajo zanositi.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: Vitamin B12, folna kislina, homocistein, referenčne vrednosti, anketa.
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: FFA - Fakulteta za farmacijo
• Leto izida: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-135474
• Datum objave v RUL: 16.03.2022

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Vitamine B12, folic acid and homocysteine intake status in adult Slovenian population and the connection of their insuficiency with chronic diseases

Izvleček

In this paper we cleared two particular vitamines from the B vitamine group, folic acid (vitamine B9) and vitamine B12. For its strong metabolic connection we also included homocysteine as part of this paper. B vitamines are found in several different sorts of food, such as vegetables, nuts, beens and fish. They have an important role to maintain a strong immune system, additionally each individual vitamine has got another role of their own. Their sollubillity in water makes the high vitamine concentrations unproblematic as the excess is easily excreted with urine. On the other side vitamine defficiency can lead to complications. Vitamine B12 defficiency can lead to megaloblastic anemia, neutropenia or trombocytopenia. It could also lead to major complications such as heart failure, neurological problems, intestine cancer, diabetes type I and autoimmune diseases. Folic acid defficiency is best known for its connection to defects in fetusesand later newborns. In more detail it is connected to higher incidence of congenital heart failure, oral deformation and neurological damage in newborns. Therefore it is recommended for pregnant women and women planning to conceve to take folic acid supplements at least 3 months before conception and throughout the entire time of pregnancy. The production of homocysteine in the organismis derived from methionine, which we consume with food, and its metabolism isconnected with vitamine B12. Homocysteine can present problems in higher concentrations, in most cases cardiovascular diseases. In this paper we statistically analyzed the results of the analytes and compared them with those of the survey that the subjects completed. The analytes were then compared concerning gender, age, incidence of the associated disorders and residence region. The results showed the connection of higher homocysteine levels in men and seniors. We concluded with a statement, that the defficiency of folic acid and vitamine B12 in Slovenian population does not present a high risk, also their connection to the diseases we analyzed is very low in Slovenia. There is not enough information from this paper alone to set up new state measures regarding fortification of folic acid supplementation for women of childbearing potential. For this purpose a more extensive research requiering measure of folic acid levels in women of childbearing potential and pregnant women would be needed.

• Ključne besede: Vitamine B12, folic acid, homocysteine, reference values, survey.