Stressor-dependant changes in immune parameters in the terrestrial isopod crustacean, Porcellio scaber : a focus on nanomaterials

Mayall, Craig (author), Dolar, Andraž (author), Jemec Kokalj, Anita (author), Novak, Sara (author), Razinger, Jaka (author), Barbero, Francesco (author), Puntes, Victor (author), Drobne, Damjana (author)

We compared the changes of selected immune parameters of Porcellio scaber to different stressors. The animals were either fed for two weeks with Au nanoparticles (NPs), CeO$_2$ NPs, or Au ions or body-injected with Au NPs, CeO$_2$ NPs, or lipopolysaccharide endotoxin. Contrary to expectations, the feeding experiment showed that both NPs caused a significant increase in the total haemocyte count (THC). In contrast, the ion-positive control resulted in a significantly decreased THC. Additionally, changes in phenoloxidase (PO)-like activity, haemocyte viability, and nitric oxide (NO) levels seemed to depend on the stressor. Injection experiments also showed stressor-dependant changes in measured parameters, such as CeO$_2$ NPs and lipopolysaccharide endotoxin (LPS), caused more significant responses than Au NPs. These results show that feeding and injection of NPs caused an immune response and that the response differed significantly, depending on the exposure route. We did not expect the response to ingested NPs, due to the low exposure concentrations (100 µg/g dry weight food) and a firm gut epithelia, along with a lack of phagocytosis in the digestive system, which would theoretically prevent NPs from crossing the biological barrier. It remains a challenge for future research to reveal what the physiological and ecological significance is for the organism to sense and respond, via the immune system, to ingested foreign material.

• Language: English
• Keywords: gold nanoparticles, cerium nanoparticles, woodlice, immune response, haemocyte
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2021
• Number of pages: 18 str.
• Numbering: Vol. 11, iss. 4, art. 934
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-135230
• UDC: 577
• ISSN on article: 2079-4991
• DOI: 10.3390/nano11040934
• COBISS.SI-ID: 59056899
• Publication date in RUL: 02.03.2022

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Nanomaterials
• Shortened title: Nanomaterials
• Publisher: MDPI
• ISSN: 2079-4991
• COBISS.SI-ID: 523286297

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.
• Licensing start date: 06.04.2021

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: imunski odziv, kopenski raki, nanodelci, spremembe imunskih parametrov

Projects

• Funder: EC - European Commission
• Funding programme: H2020
• Project number: 671881
• Name: Probing safety of nano-objects by defining immune responses of environmental organisms
• Acronym: PANDORA