Primerjava učinkov vadbe za ravnotežje s kognitivnimi nalogami in vadbe za mišično zmogljivost spodnjih udov na ravnotežje in hitrost hoje pri starejših odraslih : magistrsko delo

Tušek, Maja (avtor), Rugelj, Darja (mentor), Jakovljević, Miroljub (recenzent)

Uvod: Fiziološke spremembe v starosti vodijo v postopno zmanjševanje mišične zmogljivosti, upad kognitivnih sposobnosti in slabše ravnotežje. Za starejše odrasle sta tako ključnega pomena vadba za ravnotežje, ki vključuje tudi kognitivne naloge, in vadba za mišično zmogljivost, saj sta varna hoja in dobro ravnotežje glavna dejavnika za samostojno opravljanje vsakodnevnih dejavnosti in preprečevanje padcev. Namen: Namen magistrskega dela je bil primerjati vpliv specifične vadbe za ravnotežje z dodatkom kognitivnih nalog in specifične vadbe za mišično zmogljivost spodnjih udov na ravnotežje in hitrost hoje ter ugotoviti, katera vadba je učinkovitejša za izboljšanje ravnotežja. Metode dela: V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 22 preiskovancev. Skupina 1 je izvajala vadbo za ravnotežje z različnimi kognitivnimi nalogami, skupina 2 pa vadbo za mišično zmogljivost spodnjih udov. Vadba je potekala dva meseca, dvakrat tedensko po 30 minut, skupaj je bilo 16 vadbenih enot. Za ocenjevanje ravnotežja in hitrosti hoje smo uporabili Bergovo lestvico za oceno ravnotežja, Časovno merjeni test vstani in pojdi, Časovno merjeni test vstani in pojdi s kognitivno nalogo, Test hoje na 10 metrov in 30-sekundni test vstajanja s stola. Rezultati: V skupini 1 smo ugotovili izboljšanje rezultatov pri Bergovi lestvici za oceno ravnotežja (za 4 točke), Časovno merjenem testu vstani in pojdi (za 1,18 s) ter Časovno merjenem testu vstani in pojdi s kognitivno nalogo (za 1,22 s). Pri ostalih dveh testih (Test hoje na 10 metrov in 30-sekundni test vstajanja s stola) ni bilo opaziti statistično pomembnih razlik. V skupini 2 smo ugotovili izboljšanje rezultatov pri Bergovi lestvici za oceno ravnotežja (za 4 točke) ter Časovno merjenem testu vstani in pojdi (za 1,37 s). Pri ostalih treh testih (Časovno merjeni test vstani in pojdi s kognitivno nalogo, Test hoje na 10 metrov in 30-sekundni test vstajanja s stola) ni bilo statistično pomembnih razlik. Pri medsebojni primerjavi skupin pa smo ugotovili, da ni bilo pomembne razlike med skupinami pri doseženih izidih. Razprava in zaključek: Primerjava prve in druge skupine pred vadbo in po njej je pokazala, da se razlikujejo izidi vseh testov. Noben vadbeni protokol ni statistično bolje vplival na rezultate testov, zato ne moremo trditi, da ena od izvajanih vadb bolje učinkuje na ravnotežje in hitrost hoje pri starejših odraslih.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: magistrska dela, fizioterapija, ravnotežje, dvojna naloga, mišična zmogljivost, hitrost hoje, vadba, starejši odrasli
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [M. Kalan]
• Leto izida: 2021
• Št. strani: 35 str., [18] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-132524
• UDK: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 83320323
• Datum objave v RUL: 28.10.2021

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: The effects of balance training with cognitive tasks and muscle performance training of the lower limbs on balance and walking speed in older adults : master thesis

Izvleček

Introduction: Physiological changes in old age lead to a gradual decrease in muscle performance, deterioration of cognitive abilities, and loss of balance. It is essential for older adults to do balance training combined with cognitive tasks and muscule performance training, as safe walking and good balance are major factors affecting the ability to independently carry out everyday tasks and prevent falls. Aim: The aim of this master's thesis was to compare the effect of specific balance training combined with cognitive tasks and the effect of specific muscule performance training of lower limbs on balance and walking speed. Another aim of this master's thesis was to determine what training is more effective for balance improvement. Methods: Our research included 22 subjects. Group 1 did balance training combined with different cognitive tasks, while Group 2 did muscule performance training of lower limbs. Training took place for two weeks and was performed twice a week for 30 minutes, which added up to 16 training units. In order to assess balance and walking speed, the Berg Balance Scale, the Timed Up and Go Test, the Timed Up and Go Test combined with a cognitive task, the Ten Meter Walk Test, and the 30-second Chair Stand Test were used. Results: Group 1 improved their results in the Berg Balance Scale test (for 4 points), in the Timed Up and Go Test (for 1.18 s), and in the Timed Up and Go Test combined with a cognitive task (for 1.22 s). In the other two tests (the Ten Meter Walk Test and the 30-second Chair Stand Test), no statistically significant differences were determined. Group 2 improved their results in the Berg Balance Scale test (for 4 points) and in the Timed Up and Go Test (for 1.37 s). In the other three tests (the Timed Up and Go Test combined with a cognitive task, the Ten Meter Walk Test, and the 30-second Chair Stand Test), no statistically significant differences were determined. Furthermore, when comparing both groups, we determined no significant difference in the achieved results. Discussion and conclusion: The comparison between Group 1 and Group 2 before and after training showed a difference in the results of all tests. However, a statistically significant importance was not determined for any training protocol, as none of them improved test results. For this reason, it cannot be claimed that one type of performed training has a greater impact on balance and walking speed in older adults than others.

• Ključne besede: master's theses, physiotherapy, balance, dual task, muscule performance, walking speed, training, older adults