Učinki telesne vadbe na ravnotežje pri otrocih in mladostnikih z Downovim sindromom – pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Kotnik, Patricija (author), Hiti, Nina (mentor), Kacin, Alan (reviewer)

Uvod: Downov sindrom je najpogostejša kromosomska motnja in je posledica delne ali popolne trisomije 21. kromosoma. Živčno-mišične okvare, značilne za osebe z Downovim sindromom, povzročajo težave z motoričnimi funkcijami, kognitivnim razvojem in ravnotežjem. Vadbeni programi za izboljšanje ravnotežja vključujejo vadbe za ravnotežje ob motenju vestibularnih, vidnih in somatosenzoričnih sistemov, tridimenzionalne telesne dejavnosti, vadbe z navidezno resničnostjo, vadbe za izboljšanje mišične zmogljivosti, vadbe z uporabo vibracijske plošče ter različne športne dejavnosti. Namen: Predstaviti učinke različnih tipov telesne vadbe na ravnotežje pri otrocih in mladostnikih z Downovim sindromom. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela. Literaturo smo iskali v angleškem jeziku v podatkovnih zbirkah PubMed ter PEDro. V pregled so bile vključene randomizirane kontrolirane raziskave z oceno po PEDro lestvici 4 ali več. Rezultati: V pregled je bilo zajetih pet raziskav, ki so ustrezale vključitvenim merilom. V raziskavah je bilo skupno zajetih 221 preiskovancev. Vadbeni programi so vključevali vadbo za stabilnost jedra, vadbo na tekočem traku, vadbo na vibracijski plošči, vadbo za mišično zmogljivost in ravnotežje, izokinetično vadbo ter vadbo za mišično zmogljivost in okretnost. Trajali so od šest tednov do šest mesecev. V večini raziskav so poleg ravnotežja ocenjevali tudi mišično jakost spodnjih udov. V treh raziskavah je kontrolna skupina sledila osnovnemu vadbenemu programu, ki je vključeval raztezanje, vadbo proti uporu in vaje za ravnotežje in nadzor drže, v dveh raziskavah pa je kontrolna skupina nadaljevala običajne dejavnosti vsakodnevnega življenja. V vseh raziskavah je prišlo do statistično značilnega izboljšanja ravnotežja. Razprava in zaključek: Na podlagi rezultatov izbranih raziskav lahko zaključimo, da so vse obravnavane vadbe primerne za otroke in mladostnike z Downovim sindromom. Potrebne so nadaljnje raziskave, ki bi preučevale dolgoročne učinke vadb na večjem številu mladih z Downovim sindromom v daljšem časovnem obdobju.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, Downov sindrom, otroci, mladostniki, telesna vadba
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [P. Kotnik]
• Year: 2021
• Number of pages: 28 str., [6] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-129871
• UDC: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 75790595
• Publication date in RUL: 09.09.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Effects of exercise on balance in children and adolescents with Down syndrome – literature review : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Down syndrome is the commonest chromosomal disorder and results from partial or complete trisomy of chromosome 21. Neuro-muscular anomalies, characteristic of people with Down syndrome, lead to problems with motor function, cognitive development and body balance. Exercise programs to improve balance include exercises combined with disturbance of the visual, vestibular and somatosensory system, virtual reality balance exercises, three-dimensional physical activity, exercises to improve muscle strength, whole-body vibration training and various sport activities. Purpose: The purpose of this review was to determine the effects of different types of exercise on balance in children and adolescents with Down syndrome. Methods: We used a descriptive method of literature rewiev. The literature was searched in English language in the PubMed and PEDro databases. The search included randomised controlled trials with a PEDro scale of 4 or higher. Results: According to inclusion criteria, we included five studies in our review. A total of 221 children and adolescents with Down syndrome were included in the studies. Training programs included core stability exercises, treadmill training, strength and balance training, agility training, whole-body vibration training and isokinetic training. They lasted from six weeks to six months. In addition to balance, muscle strength of the lower limbs was also assessed in majority of the studies. In three studies, the control group followed a basic exercise program that included balance and postural control exercises, stretching and resistance training, and in two studies, the control group continued their activities of daily living. There was a statistically significant improvement in balance in all studies. Discussion and conclusion: According to the results of the research, we have found that all these exercises are suitable forms of exercises for children and adolescents with Down syndrome. Further studies including large group of young people with Down syndrome over a longer period of time and with examined long-term effects are necessary.

• Keywords: diploma theses, physiotherapy, Down syndrome, children, adolescents, training