Vpliv ekscentrične vadbe na strukturne spremembe skeletnih mišic pri ljudeh – pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Hočevar, Jana (avtor), Kacin, Alan (mentor), Hlebš, Sonja (recenzent)

Uvod: Ekscentrična vadba je priljubljena oblika vadbe tako znotraj športnih kot tudi rehabilitacijskih programov. Med ekscentričnimi kontrakcijami se v mišici razvije sila, njena dolžina pa se povečuje. Značilen pojav po ekscentrični vadbi je zapoznela mišična bolečina, katere mehanizmi nastanka še niso pojasnjeni. Med možne mehanizme prištevajo tudi strukturne spremembe, ki se v mišici zgodijo kot posledice ekscentrične vadbe. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je na podlagi pregleda literature ugotoviti, kakšen vpliv ima ekscentrična vadba na spremembo strukture skeletnih mišic pri ljudeh. Metode: V diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo s pregledom literature. V podatkovnih bazah PubMed, Cochrane Library in Medline smo iskali literaturo v angleškem ali nemškem jeziku z uporabo kombinacije ključnih besed: »muscle OR muscle fibre OR muscle bundle OR sarcomere« AND »architectural changes OR mechanical changes OR structure changes OR morphologic changes« AND »eccentric exercise OR eccentric training OR eccentric contraction«. Časovni okvir objave člankov za vključitev v pregled ni bil omejen, so pa morale raziskave vključevati zdrave odrasle preiskovance. Rezultati: V pregled literature je bilo vključenih 9 poročil o raziskavah, ki so proučevale strukturne spremembe po enkratni vadbeni enoti in po nekaj tednov trajajočem vadbenem programu z ekscentrično vadbo. Za ugotavljanje strukturnih sprememb so bile uporabljene metode slikanja z magnetno resonanco, ultrazvočno slikanje in igelna biopsija mišice. Ugotovljene so bile spremembe velikosti prečnega preseka in debeline mišice, dolžine in kota fasciklov, volumna in otekline mišice oz. vsebnosti vode, vsebnost proteinov desmin, distrofin in STARS ter strukture T-tubulov. Razprava in zaključek: Ekscentrična vadba povzroči strukturne spremembe mišice že po eni vadbeni enoti, še bolj izrazito pa po vadbenem programu. Spremembe se zgodijo na nivoju celotne mišice in tudi na celičnem nivoju. Rezultati raziskav so zaradi raznolikih metodoloških pristopov težko primerljivi, zato bi za oblikovanje trdnih zaključkov potrebovali več metodološko usklajenih randomiziranih kontroliranih študij.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, telesna vadba, ekscentrična mišična kontrakcija, presek mišičnih vlaken, mikrostruktura skeletne mišice
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [J. Hočevar]
• Leto izida: 2021
• Št. strani: 31 str., [3] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-127380
• UDK: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 65762819
• Datum objave v RUL: 03.06.2021

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Effect of eccentric exercise on structural changes of skeletal muscles in humans – literature review : diploma work

Izvleček

Introduction: Eccentric exercise is a popular form of exercise within both training and rehabilitation programs. During eccentric contraction, tension develops in a muscle, so the muscle generates force while its length increases. Eccentric training typically induces delayed onset muscle soreness, but the background mechanism has not been yet clearly explained. Within possible mechanisms there are also structural changes in muscle after eccentric training. Purpose: The purpose of the following diploma work is to determine the impact of eccentric exercise on structural changes of skeletal muscles in humans, based on a review of the literature. Methods: Descriptive method with a literature review was used. The literature in English or German was being searched in the PubMed, Cochrane Library and Medline databases. We used the combination of the following key words: »muscle OR muscle fibre OR muscle bundle OR sarcomere« AND »architectural changes OR mechanical changes OR structure changes OR morphologic changes« AND »eccentric exercise OR eccentric training OR eccentric contraction«. Among inclusion’s criteria there was no time frame of publishing date, but all studies had to include healthy adult participants. Results: Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, at the end there were nine articles included to literature review. All of them reported structural changes of muscles after single or repeated bouts of eccentric exercise. Magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography and needle muscle biopsy were used in the studies to determine structural changes. There were changes in muscle cross section area, muscle thickness, fascicle length and angle, volume and swelling, water, desmin, dystrophin and STARS content as well as changes in T-system reported. Discussion and conclusion: Eccentric exercise induces muscles structural changes after both single and repeated bouts of exercise. Changes occur at the level of whole muscle as well as on the cellular level. Studies about structural changes after eccentric exercise are difficult to compare due to many different methodological approaches. More randomized controlled studies with comparable methodological approaches are needed to be able to form solid conclusions.

• Ključne besede: diploma theses, physiotherapy, physical exercise, eccentric muscle contraction, cross section of muscle fibers, skeletal muscle microstructure