Vplivi zdravljenja in zdravstvenega stanja živali na izločanje zdravil z mlekom pri kravah

Siljanoski, Aleksandar (avtor), Šinigoj Gačnik, Ksenija (mentor)

V raziskavi smo določali prisotnost antimikrobnih ostankov v mleku pri kravah molznicah, ki so bile zdravljene zaradi kliničnega mastitisa. Vzorci mleka so bili zbrani iz obolelih vimenskih četrti 97. krav, ki so bile zdravljene istočasno z intramamarnimi zdravili in zdravili za paranteralno uporabo. Podatke o zdravstvenem stanju krav in uporabljenih zdravilih so nam posredovali lečeči veterinarji. Za identifikacijo povzročiteljev infekcij je bilo odvzetih 66 vzorcev mleka iz okuženih vimenskih četrti pred zdravljenjem . V večini primerov je bila predpisana karenca 14 molž, zaradi izjemne uporabe zdravil. Vzorce mleka, ki so bili odvzeti iz zdravljenih vimenskih četrti pred in po predpisani karenci, smo preiskali na antimikrobne zaostanke. Pregledali smo tudi vzorce mleka, odvzete iz zdravih vimenskih četrti pri 48. zdravljenih kravah, zaradi preverjanja morebitne možnosti prisotnosti zdravil. Vzorce mleka smo najprej analizirali s tremi različnimi presejalnimi testi, pozitivne vzorce smo ponovno analizirali z ustrezno potrditveno metodo. V 22. primerih (22,7%) smo v mleku iz zdravljenih četrti ugotovili prisotna zdravila nad MRL-vrednostjo po 14. molžah. V 13. primerih so to bili tetraciklini, v 4 primerih cefkvinom, v 6 primerih amoksiciklin, ter v 1 primeru neomycin. Ostankov antimikrobnih zdravil ni bilo v vzorcih iz nezdravljenih vimenskih četrti. Interval dajanja zdravil se je značilno razlikoval (p ? 0.05) med pozitivnimi in negativnimi vzorci mleka pri kravah zdravljenih s tetraciklinom, cefkinomom in amoksiciliom. Pri kravah, ki so bile zdravljene dvakrat na dan, obstaja večja verjetnost, da bodo ostanki zdravil presegali MRL-vrednost po sedmem dnevu končanega zdravljenja. Pri okuženih kravah z Escherichia coli obstaja statistično večja verjetnost (p ? 0.05) daljšega izločanja antimikrobnih zdravil.. Glede na kombinirano antimikrobno terapijo med pozitivnimi in negativnimi kravami ni bilo statistično značilnih razlik.

• Jezik: Makedonski jezik
• Ključne besede: intramamarna zdravila, intramamarni pripravki, kombinirano antimikrobno zdravljenje, zaostanki veterinarskih zdravil, presejalni testi, krave molznice
• Vrsta gradiva: Doktorsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: VF - Veterinarska fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-125166
• Datum objave v RUL: 05.03.2021

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Naslov: Influence on the treatment and health condition of the animal on drug excretion in bovine milk

Izvleček

The purpose of this study was to determine antimicrobial residues in milk from dairy cows treated for clinical mastitis. Milk samples were collected from udder quarters from 97 cows treated with intramammary drugs and simultaneously with other drugs via the systemic route. Data on cow health and used drugs were obtained from the farm veterinarians. Milk samples from 66 affected udder quarters were taken for bacterial identification before treatment. In many of the treated cows withhold period (WP) of 14 milkings was prescribed due to the Slovenian National Legislation for off-label use of drugs. The milk samples from treated udder quarters, taken before and after the prescribed WP, were analysed for antimicrobial residues. Additionally, milk samples from 48 cows were taken from untreated healthy udder quarters to check if any crossover of drugs had occurred. Three screening tests were used for antimicrobial detection. The positive samples were analysed with the appropriate confirmatory method. In 22 (22.7%) cows the milk samples from the treated infected quarters contained antimicrobial residues above the maximum residue limit (MRL) after the WP of 14th milking. Thirteen milk samples had tetracycline residues above the MRL, 6 amoxicillin, 4 cefquinome and 1 neomycin. Antimicrobial residues were not detected in milk samples from the untreated quarters. Out of 12 cows treated intramammarily with dihydrostreptomycin instead of systemic as it is intended, 7 (58.3%) milk samples had residues above the MRL after the 14th milking. The treatment interval differed significantly (p ⡤ 0.05) between the positive and the negative milk samples treated with tetracycline, cefquinome and amoxicillin. In our study cows treated at 12 hour interval had higher chances of having residues. The mastitis caused by E. coli was statistically significant (p ⡤ 0.05%) between the positive milk samples and the negative milk samples. No significant differences were found between the positive and negative cows regarding the combination antimicrobial therapy.

• Ključne besede: Intramammary drug, intramammary preparation, combined antimicrobial therapy, veterinary drug residue, dairy cow, screening test