Razvijanje fine motorike pri otrocih s posebnimi potrebami s pomočjo različnega materiala, starih 3-4 let

Radelj, Barbara (avtor), Avsec, Stanislav (mentor), Šuligoj, Veronika (komentor)

Otroci s svojo vedoželjnostjo in radovednostjo raziskujejo svet okoli sebe, zato je pomembno, da jim omogočimo čim več izkušenj in aktivnosti, ki bodo spodbujale njihov vsestranski razvoj. Otroci s posebnimi potrebami potrebujejo vso pozornost, strokovno pomoč, predvsem pa sprejemanje in vključevanje na vseh področjih dejavnosti. V diplomskem delu smo predstavili dejavnosti razvijanja fine motorike pri 34 leta starih otrocih s posebnimi potrebami, s pomočjo različnega materiala. Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti in ugotoviti, kako materiali ter izdelani didaktični pripomočki vplivajo in pripomorejo k razvijanju fine motorike pri otrocih s posebnimi potrebami, kar predstavlja pomembno vlogo v njihovem vsestranskem razvoju. Tehnične dejavnosti, uporaba materialov z ustrezno načrtovanimi vsebinami, ki vključujejo prilagoditve, pripomorejo, da otroci s posebnimi potrebami optimalno razvijajo svoje finomotorične spretnosti. V osrednjem delu so predstavljena teoretična izhodišča o razvoju fine motorike ter povezanost tehničnih dejavnosti skozi aktivno in izkustveno učenje. Osredotočili smo se na otroke s posebnimi potrebami ter razvoj fine motorike preko tehničnih dejavnosti. V zadnjem delu so predstavljeni in opisani materiali in didaktični pripomočki. V empiričnem delu smo analizirali in predstavili rezultate vprašalnika, ki smo ga posredovali strokovnim delavcem vrtca, preko spletne 1KA anketne povezave. Ugotoviti smo želeli, katere materiale najpogosteje uporabljajo, katere dejavnosti ponudijo za razvijanje fine motorike ter kolikšna je pomembnost razvijanja fine motorike pri otrocih s posebnimi potrebami. Vprašalnik je izpolnilo 57 strokovnih delavcev iz dveh ljubljanskih vrtcev. Večina strokovnih delavcev je mnenja, da je razvijanje fine motorike pri otrocih s posebnimi potrebami zelo pomembno, prav tako uporaba raznovrstnih materialov, načinov in metod dela. Večina jih je mnenja, da je dobro razvita fina motorika zelo pomembna pri vsakodnevnih dejavnostih (oblačenje, umivanje, …). V nadaljevanju empiričnega dela smo predstavili tri vrste materialov in iz njih izdelane didaktične pripomočke (papir, tekstil, EVA pena). Didaktične pripomočke so v vrtcu preizkusili 3 otroci s posebnimi potrebami z motnjami vedenja in osebnosti. Otroke smo pri dejavnostih opazovali individualno. Z izdelanimi didaktičnimi pripomočki so otroci aktivno rokovali, jih preizkušali, opazovali in spoznavali materiale. Želeli smo ugotoviti, kako različni materiali vplivajo na razvijanje fine motorike pri otrocih s posebnimi potrebami. Razvoj fine motorike smo spremljali s pomočjo opazovalnega lista. Otroci so s kontinuiranim izvajanjem finomotoričnih dejavnosti, z ustreznimi prilagoditvami ter z aktivnim raziskovanjem in spoznavanjem materialov v treh tednih napredovali v finomotoričnih spretnostih. Z diplomskim delom smo želeli pokazati, kako pomembna je dobra priprava dejavnosti s primernimi prilagoditvami različnih materialov in didaktičnih pripomočkov za čim bolj optimalen razvoj fine motorike pri otrocih. Strokovnim delavcem smo želeli predstaviti drugačen in zanimiv način razvijanja fine motorike in jim predstaviti različne možnosti dela z otroki s posebnimi potrebami.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: tehnična vzgoja
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2020
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-117529
• COBISS.SI-ID: 22472195
• Datum objave v RUL: 15.07.2020

RADELJ, Barbara, 2020, Razvijanje fine motorike pri otrocih s posebnimi potrebami s pomočjo različnega materiala, starih 3-4 let [na spletu]. Diplomsko delo. [Dostopano 7 julij 2025]. Pridobljeno s: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=slv&id=117529

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Development of fine motor ability in children with special needs with the help of various materiales, aged 3─4

Izvleček

Children inquisitively and curiously explore the world around them, which is why it is important they are provided with as many activities that encourage their overall development as possible. Children with special needs, however, need all the attention and professional help and they particularly need to be accepted and included in all types of activities. This paper presents the activities contributing to fine motor skills development in children with special needs, aged from 3 to 4, with the use of special materials. The aim of the paper is to present and determine how materials and crafted didactic aids affect and contribute to fine motor skills development in children with special needs, which has an important role in their overall development. Technical activities and the use of materials with appropriately planned and adapted contents help children with special need to achieve optimal development of fine motor skills. The main part of the paper presents theoretical starting points on fine motor skills development and the relation of technical activities through active and experiential learning. We focused on children with special needs and fine motor skills development through technical activities. The last part presents and describes materials and didactic aids used. The empirical part analyses and presents the results of an online survey, which was sent to professional workers in the kindergarten through 1KA, an online survey site. We wanted to determine which materials are the most frequently used, what activities are performed to develop fine motor skills and how important fine motor skills development is in children with special needs. The survey was filled out by 57 professional workers from two kindergartens in Ljubljana. Most of them believe that motor skills development is very important for children with special needs, as is the use of diverse materials, approaches and methods of work. Most of them also think that well-developed fine motor skills are very important in everyday activities (putting on clothes, washing etc.). The empirical part also presents three types of materials (paper, textile and EVA foam) from which three didactic aids were crafted. They were tested in the kindergarten by three children with special needs and behaviour and personality disorders. We observed the children individually. They actively handled the aids, tested them, observed them and learnt about their materials. We wanted to determine how different materials affect fine motor skills development in children with special needs. The development of fine motor skills was monitored with the help of an observation sheet. The children were observed at the beginning of the activity and at the end of the activity. By continuously performing activities to develop fine motor skills, which were appropriately adapted, and actively exploring and leaning about materials, the children improved their fine motor skills in three weeks. The goal of the paper was to demonstrate how important well-prepared and appropriately adapted activities, diverse materials and didactic aids are for optimal development of fine motor skills in children. We wanted to present to professional workers a different and interesting method of developing fine motor skills and various methods of work with children with special needs.

• Ključne besede: technical education