Lastnosti mlekarskih odpadnih voda za pridobivanje bioplina : magistrsko delo

Melihen, Dean (avtor), Kolbl Repinc, Sabina (mentor), Stres, Blaž (komentor)

Mlekarske odpadne vode iz mlečno predelovalnih industrij so organsko močno obremenjene in posledično težje razgradljive v bioloških procesih čiščenja. To je razlog, da na čistilnih napravah povzročajo motnje v delovanju. V primeru izpusta v okolje pa lahko povzročijo celo evtrofikacijo stoječih voda. Bistveno večje koncentracije organskega onesnaženja najdemo v sirotki, ki je glavna sestavina mlekarskih odpadnih voda. Večji del suhe snovi v sirotki predstavlja laktoza, najdemo tudi nekaj beljakovin in maščob. Te specifične lastnosti ponujajo številne možnosti nadaljnjega izkoriščanja in bodo v nadaljevanju predstavljene. V magistrskem delu smo v teoretičnem delu predstavili lastnosti sirotk ovčjega in kozjega izvora, ki smo jih pridobili iz literature. Prav tako smo opisali postopek pridobivanja beljakovin v prahu ter se nato osredotočili na uporabo sirotke kot kosubstrata v anaerobni razgradnji za pridobivanje bioplina. Predstavili smo biokemične procese ter procesne parametre anaerobne razgradnje. V eksperimentalnem delu naloge smo vzorčili več sirotk ovčjega in kozjega izvora. Izmerili smo njihove fizikalno-kemijske lastnosti, prav tako smo izmerili lastnosti inokuluma in kravje gnojevke, saj so bili to trije substrati, ki smo jih na začetku testa dodali v fermentorje za anaerobno presnovo. Eksperiment smo izvedli z avtomatskim sistemom za merjenje metanskega potenciala (AMPTS II). Glede na količine pridelane sirotke na Bovškem, smo v zadnjem delu naloge dimenzionirali dva različna reaktorja (UASB in AnFBR), v katera bi se kot kosubstrat dodajalo sirotko. UASB reaktor bi polnili z odpadno vodo, ki priteče na čistilno napravo, s primarno sirotko in kravjo gnojevko v razmerju 283:10:3. Reaktor AnFB pa s primarnim in sekundarnim blatom, primarno sirotko in kravjo gnojevko v razmerju 10:5:1.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: sirotka, anaerobna razgradnja, bioplin, test BMP, fizikalno-kemijski parametri, metan
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: FGG - Fakulteta za gradbeništvo in geodezijo
• Založnik: D. Melihen]
• Leto izida: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-111535
• UDK: 628.31:637.1(043.3)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 8936545
• Datum objave v RUL: 03.10.2019

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Characteristics of dairy wastewater for biogas production : master thesis

Izvleček

Dairy effluents from the dairy industries are organically heavily loaded and consequently more difficult to decompose in biological treatment processes. This is the reason that they cause malfunctions on the treatment plants. In case of release into the environment, they can even cause eutrophication of stagnant waters. Significantly higher concentrations of organic pollution are found in cheese whey, which is the main component of dairy wastewater. Lactose is the major part of cheese whey dry matter and some proteins and fats are also found. These specific features offer many opportunities for further exploitation and will be presented below. The theoretical part of this master thesis presents the characteristics of ovine and caprine cheese whey, which were obtained from the literature. We also described a process for the production of protein powder and then focused on using cheese whey as a cosubstrate in anaerobic digestion for biogas production. Biochemical processes and process parameters of anaerobic degradation were presented. In the experimental part, several different sheep and goat cheese wheys were sampled. We measured their physicochemical properties, and also the properties of the inoculum and cow slurry, as these were the three substrates added to the fermenters for anaerobic digestion at the beginning of the test. The experiment was performed with an automatic methane potential test system (AMPTS II). Based on the quantities of whey produced in the area of Bovec, two different reactors (UASB and AnFBR) were dimensioned in the last part of the thesis. The UASB reactor would be filled with wastewater from the treatment plant with primary cheese whey and cow slurry at a ratio of 283: 10: 3. AnFB reactor would be filled with primary and secondary sludge, primary cheese whey and cow slurry at a ratio of 10:5:1.

• Ključne besede: cheese whey, anaerobic digestion, biogas, BMP test, physicochemical parameters, methane