Zgodnjesrednjeveški grobišči Žale in Podojnce v Srednji vasi v Bohinju

Lavrenčič, Lucija (avtor), Milavec, Tina (mentor)

V Srednji vasi v Bohinju sta bili leta 1907 izkopani zgodnjesrednjeveški grobišči Žale, severovzhodno od vasi, in Podojnce, zahodno od tedanje vasi. Izkopavalec Walter Šmid je na Žalah dokumentiral štiriindvajset, na Podojncah pa dva grobova. Gradivo hrani Narodni muzej Slovenije v Ljubljani. Večina pokopov vsebuje grobne pridatke, med njimi so najpogostejši naglavni nakit, prstani in noži, najdene pa so bile tudi fibule, ogrlica iz steklenih jagod, kresilo in neopredeljen, izgubljen železen predmet. Prostorska razporeditev nekaterih predmetov na grobišču Žale kaže omejen prostor njihovega pojavljanja. S pomočjo teh, t.i. vodilnih predmetov, so bile ugotovljene tri skupine grobov: skupina grobov z noži in/ali obročki z zanko in kaveljčkom na južnem in vzhodnem delu in skupina grobov z obročki z odebeljenimi konci na severozahodnem delu, med njima pa skupina grobov brez pridatkov. Grobov brez pridatkov z razpoložljivimi podatki ni mogoče datirati. Datacije predmetov v grobovih drugih dveh skupin pa so znotraj skupine enotne, med seboj pa se skupini po dataciji razlikujeta. Grobovi z noži in/ali obročki z zanko in kaveljčkom o iz konca 8. ali prve polovice 9. stol., grobovi z obročki z odebeljenimi konci pa iz sredine ali druge polovice 9. stol. Na podlagi ostankov usnja in tekstila sta bila ugotovljena dva najbolj verjetna načina nošenja naglavnega nakita. Obročki, na katerih so ohranjeni ostanki usnja in tekstila so bili najverjetneje pritrjeni na načelek, obročki brez ostankov pa so se nosili pritrjeni skozi ušesno mečico ali uhelj. Brez zanesljivega odgovora ostaja vprašanje kdo je naglavni nakit nosil. Objavljeni podatki in osteološke analize treh ohranjenih lobanj iz grobov v katerih je bil najden tudi naglavni nakit v funkcionalni legi kažejo na pokope moških. O pravilnosti ali nepravilnosti arheološke in osteološke analize bo morda v prihodnosti sodila analiza DNK, v obzir pa je potrebno vzeti tudi možnost, da je bil naglavni nakit v grob priložen.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: Grobišče, zgodnji srednji vek, Bohinj, naglavni nakit.
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: FF - Filozofska fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2019
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-108645
• Datum objave v RUL: 11.07.2019

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Early Medieval cemeteries Žale and Podojnce in Srednja vas in Bohinj

Izvleček

In 1907 two early medieval cemeteries were excavated in Srednja vas in Bohinj, Žale to the northeast of the then village, and Podojnce to the west. The excavator Walter Šmid recorded 24 graves at Žale and two at Podojnce. The material is kept in the National museum of Slovenia in Ljubljana. Most burials contained gravegoods, most often head rings, finger rings and knives, but also fibulae, glass bead necklaces, a firesteel and an unidentified, now lost iron object. The spatial distribution of certain objects in the Žale cemetery shows that they appear in limited areas. Using those ‘leading’ objects we identified three groups of graves: group with knives and/or rings with a loop and hook in the south and east part, group with rings with thickened ends in the northwest part and between them a group of graves without gravegoods. Graves with no gravegoods could not be dated using available data. The other two groups are internally chronologically homogenous, the group with knives and/or rings with a loop and hook is dated to the end of the 8th and first half of the 9th c. and the group with rings with thickened ends to the middle or second half of the 9th c. Based on remains of leather and textile two most probable styles of wearing the head rings were proposed. The rings with leather or textile remains were probably attached to a head-band while the rings without those remains were worn in the ears. The question of who wore the head rings could not be answered with certainty. The published data and osteological analyses of three preserved skulls from the graves with head rings in functional position indicate male graves. In the future, DNA analyses may prove or disprove the results of the archaeological and osteological analyses and we shall also have to consider the possibility that the rings were added to the grave as gravegoods and were not necessarily worn by the deceased.

• Ključne besede: Cemetery, early Middle ages, Bohinj, head rings.