VPLIV SIMETRIČNOSTI TELESNIH ZNAČILNOSTI NA TEKMOVALNO USPEŠNOST V JUDU

Šimenko, Jožef (avtor), Sertić, Hrvoje (mentor)

Judo predstavlja spremenljujoč šport s številnimi tehničnimi prvinami, ki se izvajajo v vse smeri gibanja. Glede na vire predstavlja šport, ki naj bi s postopkom vadbe in izvajanjem tehničnih prvin simetrično razvijal človeško telo. Izvajanje teh tehničnih prvin v boju in na vadbi pa lahko, če se prvine izvajajo neenakomerno in enostransko, skozi razvoj mladega športnika tja do članske kategorije privede do pojava telesnih asimetrij. Pretirane telesne asimetrije lahko povzročijo zmanjšanje gibalne in posledično znižanje tekmovalne učinkovitosti ter povečajo možnosti za nastanek poškodb. V raziskavi smo s 3D telesnim čitalcem NX-16 (TC2) in napravo za preverjanje električne upornosti telesa Inbody 720 preverjali stanje telesnih simetrij. S posebno meritvijo telesne pripravljenosti za judo (SJFT) smo preverjali povezanost tehničnega znanja s pojavom telesnih simetrij/asimetrij. Tehnična znanje smo preverjali tudi z ocenjevanjem kakovosti izvedbe 12 metov v levo in desno stran. Preverili smo povezanost kakovosti izvajanja tehnik s telesnimi simetrijami/asimetrijami. Tekmovalno uspešnost smo preverjali s končnim seštevkom tekmovalnih točk za Slovenski pokal v judu in njeno povezanostjo s telesnimi asimetrijami. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 106 merjencev (15 članov, 19 mladincev, 17 kadetov, 31 mlajših kadetov in 24 starejših dečkov). Rezultati kažejo značilne asimetrije na vzorcu vseh 106 judoistov v 7 od 10 mer: obseg komolca (p = 0,000), obseg podlahti (p = 0,000), pusta telesna masa roke (p = 0,027), obseg stegna (p = 0,032), obseg kolena (p = 0,000), obseg meč (p = 0,000) in pusta telesna masa nog (p = 0,000). Prav tako so bile telesne asimetrije zaznane v vseh starostnih kategorijah: člani – 3, mladinci – 4, kadeti – 3, mlajši kadeti – 5 in starejši dečki – 4. Rezultati so prav tako ugotovili, da četudi obstajajo telesne asimetrije, trenutna stopnja teh telesnih asimetrij ni značilno povezana s tehničnim znanjem (SJFT), kakovostjo izvajanja metov in tekmovalno uspešnostjo v judu gledano na celotni vzorec merjencev. Glede na posamezne starostne kategorije pa rezultati kažejo, da so telesne asimetrije (člani – dolžina stegna, kadeti – obseg meč) značilno povezane s tekmovalno uspešnostjo pri članih (r = 0,596, p = 0,019) in pri kadetih (r = –0,525, p = 0,031). Vadba juda povzroča pojavljanje telesnih asimetrij v vseh starostnih kategorijah, vendar te niso povezane s tehničnim znanjem ali tehnično izvedbo metov. So pa v določenih starostnih kategorijah povezane s tekmovalno uspešnostjo v judu.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: telesne značilnosti, mladi, SJFT, asimetrije, 3D-čitalec, borilni športi
• Vrsta gradiva: Doktorsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: FŠ - Fakulteta za šport
• Leto izida: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-105262
• Datum objave v RUL: 16.11.2018

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: IMPACT OF SYMMETRY OF PHYSICAL CHARACTERSITICS ON COMPETITION SUCCESS IN JUDO

Izvleček

Judo is a dynamic and highly intense sport, with many technical elements, which are implemented in all directions of movement. According to the literature, judo represents a sport that symmetrically develpes the human body through the process of training and the implementation of technical elements. The very implementation of these technical elements in combat and training can, if performed unevenly and unilaterally, through the development of a youth athlete to the senior category, lead to the appearance of body asymmetries. Excessive body asymmetries can result in reduced movement and, consequently, reduced competitive performance, and increase the chances of the occurrence of injuries. In the study, we examined the status of body symmetries using the 3D body scanners NX-16 (TC2) and electrical bioimpedance Inbody 720. With the special judo fitness test (SJFT) we checked the correlations of the special judo motorics with the appearance of body symmetryes/asymmetryes. We also have checked the technical knowledge and special motorics by evaluating the quality of the 12 judo throws, executed to the left and to the right body side. We have correlated the quality of the implementation of executed techniques with body symmetries/asymmetries. Competitive performance was checked with the final score of the competition points for the Slovenian judo Cup and its correlations with body symmetries/asymmetries. The sample involved 106 judokas (15 seniors, 19 yuniors – U21, 17 cadets – U18, 31 young cadets – U16 and 24 older boys – U14). The results showed statistically significant asymmetries on a sample of all 106 judoists in 7 out of 10 variables: elbow girth (p = 0.000), forearm girth (p = 0.000), arm lean mass (p = 0.027), thigh girth (p = 0.032), knee girth (p = 0.000), calf girth (p = 0.000) and leg lean mas (p = 0.000). Also, body asymmetries were detected in all age categories: seniors – 3, U21 – 4, U18 – 3, U16 – 5 and U14 – 4. The results also showed that current level of these body asymmetries does not have a statisticaly significant association with the specific judo motorics (SJFT), the quality of throwing techniques and the competition performance when regading the entire sample of the measurement. When taking into account the individual age categories, the results show that body asymmetries (seniors – thigh length, cadets – calf girth) are statistically significantly related to the competitive performance of seniors (r = 0.596, p = 0.019), and in cadets (r = -0.525, p = 0.031). Training of judo causes the appearance of body asymmetries in all age categories, but these are not related to special motors or throws technical execution. However, in certain age categories, they are linked to judo performance.

• Ključne besede: morphology, youth, SJFT, asymmetries, 3D scanning, combat sports