Skin is the largest organ of the human body which showcases overall health and wellbeing of an individual. Many different microorganisms reside on the skin, which represent the normal commensal microflora. Its composition and functions have recently become one of the most rapidly developing fields of research. Research of the impact of normal microflora on skin barrier function and the immune system of the host is so far indicating a beneficial role. Preserving the normal microflora with the help of probiotics and therefore maintaining functions of healthy skin, as well as improving some of the undesirable skin conditions, is a relatively novel approach. The number of published scientific articles, which describe the relevance of probiotic use in cosmetology and dermatology, is constantly rising. Although most of the studies cover oral administration of probiotics, their use in cosmetic applications direct to the skin has recently begun to emerge. Since dermal application of probiotics seems to be an intriguing approach, we have decided to review their beneficial effects on the skin and potential role in the future of cosmetology, based on a thorough overview of scientific literature. Probiotics can exert beneficial effects on the skin via both the oral and dermal route. Available literature describes the effects of probiotics on common skin diseases with hopes of potential treating properties, as well as their effects on healthy skin and therefore use in cosmetics products. We also found some reports about the use of probiotics in skin allergy, inflammatory diseases and anti-ageing, which do not cover their mechanisms and positive effects broadly and thoroughly. Positive effects on healthy skin, acne, wound healing and protection against harmful effects of UV radiation are also promising, yet understanding of the underlying mechanisms requires further investigation. Vast evidence of beneficial effects of probiotics on the skin has lead many manufacturers to incorporate them into their skin care products. However, the role of probiotics in the beauty industry is still unstable, because of the society's conservative perception of bacteria as »dirty« and »bad«. On the other hand, probiotics are gaining popularity in some well developed parts of the world, due to the modernization of their society. Probiotics represent a great opportunity for new discoveries and development of innovative technology, but many questions about their effects and application remain to be answered.
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