Razlike med plezanjem in hojo po stopnicah v trenutno usvojenih stopnjah : diplomsko delo

Bogataj, Lara (avtor), Gregorc, Jera (mentor)

Z diplomskim delom smo želeli raziskati razlike med vzpenjanjem in spuščanjem po letveniku in stopnicah. Na podlagi analize rezultatov smo želeli ugotoviti, ali obstajajo razlike oziroma podobnosti med obema gibanjema v enakih razvojnih stopnjah. Sodobni raziskovalci gibalnega razvoja predšolskega otroka potrjujejo prisotnost razvojnih faz pri usvajanju elementarnih gibalnih vzorcev (plazenje, hoja, plezanj ipd.). Na podlagi rezultatov iščejo vzroke za postopnost in na longitudinalnih študijah analizirajo pomen ustreznih gibalnih spodbud za skladen gibalni razvoj. Teorije postopnosti znotraj posameznih elementarnih gibalnih vzorcev se potrjujejo še danes, ni pa zaslediti primerjav med elementarnimi gibalnimi vzorci znotraj posameznih razvojnih faz, kar bi lahko nakazovalo nujnost pestrejšega spodbudnega okolja in pazljivost pri uporabi terminologije. V diplomskem delu smo predstavili razlike med hojo po stopnicah (oziroma vzpenjanjem in spuščanjem po stopnicah) in plezanjem po letveniku (oziroma vzpenjanjem in spuščanjem po navpičnem plezalu). Analizirali smo razlike med obema gibanjema in skušali dokazati, da je nujna različna raba terminologije, saj gre za različno vrsto premikanja, kar naj bi se pokazalo v različno usvojenih stopnjah pri obeh premikanjih. V vzorec smo zajeli 60 otrok, starih od 24 do 36 mesecev. Otroke smo najprej opazovali pri plezanju po letveniku navzgor in navzdol ter nato pri hoji po stopnicah navzgor in navzdol. Rezultate smo si beležili v ocenjevalno lestvico po vnaprej določenem kriteriju. Ugotovili smo, da se hoja po stopnicah (vzpenjanje po stopnicah) razvije prej kot plezanje (vzpenjanje po letveniku), zato menimo, da je terminološko ustreznejši termin hoja po stopnicah in ne plezanje po stopnicah, četudi otroci po njih ne hodijo. Otroci, ki so usvojili križno hojo, niso bili nujno na enaki stopnji pri plezanju, zato menimo, da gre za dve različni vrsti vzpenjanja in je treba obema nameniti dovolj spodbud za ustrezen gibalni razvoj predšolskega otroka.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: vzpenjanje, spuščanje, plezanje, hoja
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
• Založnik: [L. Bogataj]
• Leto izida: 2018
• Št. strani: 28 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-104150
• UDK: 373.2:796(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 12115273
• Datum objave v RUL: 10.12.2018

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: The differences between climbing and walking the stairs in the currently acquired stages

Izvleček

With this thesis we wanted to research the differences between climbing and descending on a vertical ladder and stairs. Based on the results of the analysis we wanted to find out if there are any differences or similarities between the two movements in the same development period. Modern researchers of the motion development of preschool children confirm the presence of the development phases at acquiring elementary motion patterns (climbing, walking, crawling, etc.). On the basis of the results, they search for the causes of graduality and in longitudinal studies they analyse the importance of the relevant motor stimulus for a harmonious motor development. The progression theories within individual elementary motion patterns are still valid, but there are no comparisons between the elementary motion patterns within individual development phases, which could indicate the need for a more varied stimulating environment and for greater caution when using terminology. In this diploma thesis we presented the differences between walking down the stairs (or climbing and descending the stairs) and climbing the vertical ladder (or climbing and descending the vertical ladder). We analysed the differences between the two movements and tried to prove that the different uses of terminology are necessary as those are different types of movement, which should be shown in the various stages acquired in both movements. The sample included 60 children aged 24 to 36 months. We first observed the children when climbing up and down on the vertical ladder and subsequently when walking up and down the stairs. We recorded the results in the evaluation scale according to a predetermined criterion. We concluded that children learn how to walk up and down the stairs (climb the stairs) before they learn how to climb (climb the vertical ladder), therefore we believe that in terms of terminology it is more appropriate to use the phrase walking the stairs than climbing the stairs, even if the children do not walk on them. The children who excelled in walking up and down the stairs were not necessarily at the same level in climbing, therefore we believe that there are two different types of climbing and both should be sufficiently encouraged for the proper development of pre-school children.

• Ključne besede: pre-school child, motion, predšolski otrok, gibanje