Odgovornost prevoznika po Konvenciji o pogodbi za mednarodni prevoz tovora po cesti

Mesesnel, Maša (author), Podobnik, Klemen (mentor)

Odgovornost prevoznika je eno temeljnih vprašanj, s katerim so se ukvarjali ustvarjalci ob pripravljanju CMR konvencije. Prevoznik odgovarja za škodo, ki nastane v posebej določenem časovnem okviru. Časovni okvir predstavlja obdobje od prevzema tovora v prevzemnem kraju do dostave tovora v namembni kraj. Na podlagi CMR konvencije je odgovornost prevoznika vzpostavljena za poškodbo ali izgubo tovora ter za zamudo pri dostavi. Obstoj škode mora dokazati tožnik. Izključitev odgovornosti prevoznika je možna na podlagi splošnih oprostilnih ali posebnih privilegiranih razlogov. Obstoj teh razlogov za izključitev odgovornosti je dolžan dokazovati prevoznik. Vendar izključitev odgovornosti prevoznika nikakor ne pride v poštev, v kolikor je prevoznik ravnal zlonamerno (wilful misconduct) ali v taki opustitvi, ki jo pristojno sodišče šteje za zlonamerno (wilful misconduct). Prevoznik, ki je spoznan za odgovornega za nastanek škodnega dogodka, je dolžan plačati odškodnino. Na tem mestu ne pridejo v poštev splošna pravila obligacijskega prava, saj bi za prevoznika predstavljala preveliko finančno breme. CMR konvencija nudi višinske omejitve pri izplačilu odškodnine. Višinska omejitev je odvisna od oblike škodnega dogodka, za katerega odgovarja prevoznik (poškodba, izguba, zamuda pri dostavi). Iz preučevanja sodne prakse je razvidno, da uporaba določb CMR konvencije ni poenotena, saj imajo sodišča pri svojem odločanju preveč manevrskega prostora.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: transportno pravo, odgovornost prevoznika, splošni oprostilni razlogi, posebni privilegirani oprostilni razlogi, višinska omejitev odškodnine
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Year: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-103577
• COBISS.SI-ID: 16359505
• Publication date in RUL: 20.09.2018

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Carrier's Liability under the Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road

Abstract

The Carrier’s liability was one of the fundamental issues that creators were dealing with during the preparation of CMR Convention. The carrier is liable for damage arising in special time frame. The time frame of carrier’s liability represents the period from takingover the cargo at receiving point to the delivery of the cargo at its destination. According to the provisions of CMR Convention carrier is liable for any loss or damage which happens in that specific time frame and also for damage which occure, because of delay in delivery. The plaintif must prove the existence of the damage. The carrier can also relieve himself of liability. He must prove the existence of circumstances according to Article 17(2) of CMR Convention or existence of special risks under Article 17(4) of CMR Convention. Exclusion of carrier’s liability is by no means possible if damage was caused by his wilful misconduct of by such default as, in accordance with the law of the court, is considered as equivalent to wilful misconduct. The carrier who is found responsible for the occurance of damage is obliged to pay compensation. Transport law is special legal branch so we can not apply the general rules of the law of obligations. CMR Convention contains special provisions that limit the amount of carrier’s liability. The height of the limit depends on form of damage (loss, damage, delay in delivery). Review of case law shows that the application of provisions of CMR Convention is still not unified especially, because the courts have too much room for maneuver in making decisions.

• Keywords: transport law, carrier’s liability, general risks, special risks, limitation of the carrier’s liability