Zaščita modnega oblikovanja - primerjava varstva z različnimi pravicami intelektualne lastnine v evropskem in ameriškem pravu

Mihalič, Tina (avtor), Damjan, Matija (mentor)

Modna industrija je izrazito sezonska industrija, v kateri je imitacija in medsebojno posnemanje med oblikovalci nekaj običajnega in do neke mere celo zaželeno. Trendi, ki s tem nastajajo so predpostavka za obstoj mode. Tem specifikam mode mora biti prilagojena tudi pravna ureditev. Ta mora na eni strani modnim oblikovalcem pred ponarejanjem omogočati hitro in kratkotrajno zaščito brez pretiranih formalnosti, na drugi pa ne sme biti premočna, saj bi to lahko pomenilo omejevanje oblikovalske svobode in s tem zaviranje inovacij. Najprimernejša oblika varstva modnega oblikovanja je neregistriran model Skupnosti, ki na območju EU ščiti videz izdelka pred kopiranjem za obdobje treh let od dne njegovega razkritja javnosti. Z Uredbo o modelih Skupnosti je poleg neregisriranega urejen tudi registriran model Skupnosti, ki omogoča močnejšo in dolgotrajnejšo zaščito za modne izdelke, za katere oblikovalci pričakujejo, da bodo na trgu dlje kot le nekaj sezon. ZDA varstvo modelov zagotavljajo v okviru patentnega varstva, kratkotrajne zaščite, primerljive z neregistriranin modelom Skupnosti pa ne poznajo. To je posebej neugodno predvsem za manjše in še neuveljavljene oblikovalce, ki nimajo zadostnih sredstev za drag postopek pridobitve design patent-a. Poleg modelov je v modi zelo pomembna tudi zaščita z blagovno znamko. Učinkovito zaščito pred ponarejevalci predstavljajo tako klasične kot tudi tridimenzionalne znamke (v ZDA trade dress). Modne kreacije so v EU zaščitene tudi po pravilih o avtorskem pravu, medtem ko v ZDA zaradi uporabne funkcije modnih izdelkov uživajo zelo omejeno zaščito.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: modno oblikovanje, model Skupnosti, design patent, blagovna znamka, trade dress, avtorska pravica, ZDA, EU.
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: PF - Pravna fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-103245
• COBISS.SI-ID: 16396113
• Datum objave v RUL: 15.09.2018

MIHALIČ, Tina, 2018, Zaščita modnega oblikovanja  - primerjava varstva z različnimi pravicami intelektualne lastnine v evropskem in ameriškem pravu [na spletu]. Magistrsko delo. [Dostopano 19 maj 2025]. Pridobljeno s: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=slv&id=103245

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Protecting Fashion Design - Comparison of Protection with different Intellectual Property Rights in Europe and United States

Izvleček

Fashion industry is a seasonal industry in which among designers imitation is very common and to some point even desirable. In such a way, the trends, which are necessary for the existence of fashion, are emerging. These special characteristics of fashion have to be taken into consideration when drafting legal regulation for the fashion sector. Laws have to provide fast and short-term protection from copying on one hand, but the protection sought shouldn't be too strong on the other hand, as it would limit designers' freedom and discent innovation. The best form of legal protection for fashion design is unregistered Community design (UCD), which protects designs in EU form being copied for three years from the date on which the design was made availible to public in EU. Besides UCD, the Community design Regulation provides also the possibility of registered Community design (RCD), which provides stronger and long-term protectin for designs, which are expected to stay on the market for longer than few seasons. In the U.S., protection of designs is regulated in the area of patent law, however there is no short-term protection, similar to the UCD. This puts young and emerging designers into great disadvantage, as they don't have sufficient financial means to afford the expensive procedure for obtaining a patent. Of great importance in the fashion industry is also trademark protection. Traditional as well as three dimensional trademarks (in U.S. trade dress) can provide efficient protection against counterfeits. Fashion designs in EU are protected also under copyright law, as opposed to the U.S., where they recieve only very limited protection due to the utilitarian function of fashion items.

• Ključne besede: Fashion design, Community design, design patent, trademark, trade dress, copyright, U.S., EU.