Optimalna obremenitev otrok glede na njihovo gibalno učinkovitost

Hostnik, Meta (avtor), Gregorc, Jera (mentor)

Namen magistrskega dela je bil raziskati optimalno časovno obremenitev predšolskih otrok med izvajanjem gibalnih dejavnosti s ciljem razvoja vzdržljivosti. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 51 otrok, starih od 4,5 do 5,5 let, ki so obiskovali javni vrtec, in sicer: 23 otrok, ki so 2-krat tedensko obiskovali splošno športno vadbo pod vodstvom športnega društva Svizec – športne dejavnosti najmlajših, in 28 otrok, ki splošne športne vadbe niso obiskovali. V vzorec spremenljivk smo zajeli test MOT 4–6 za merjenje gibalne učinkovitosti, teste ravnotežja in koordinacije gibanja ter tri različno dolge vadbene ure (10, 20 in 30 minut) s ciljem razvoja vzdržljivosti. Postopek pridobivanja podatkov je potekal v več fazah s tehniko ocenjevanja. V prvi fazi smo vse otroke testirali s testom MOT 4–6 ter testi ravnotežja in koordinacije gibanja. V drugi fazi smo nato v razmaku sedmih dni izvedli še tri različno dolge vadbene ure, v sklopu katerih se je dolžina vadbe vsak teden podaljšala za 10 minut ter na koncu vsake vadbene ure ponovno ocenili ravnotežje in koordinacijo gibanja. Podatke smo kvantitativno obdelali z osnovnimi statističnimi parametri, statistično značilne razlike med skupinami pa smo ugotavljali s pomočjo parnega t-testa, t-testa za neodvisne vzorce, enosmerne analize variance (Welch) in Games Howell post-hoc testa. Statistično značilne razlike med začetnimi in nadaljnjimi merjenji ravnotežja in koordinacije gibanja so predstavljale stopnjo utrujenosti otrok v vzdržljivosti. Na podlagi utrujenosti otrok v vzdržljivosti (posredno merjene skozi teste ravnotežja in koordinacije) smo ugotovili, da načrtovanje količine gibalnih dejavnosti ne more potekati le na podlagi otrokove starosti, saj enaka količina gibalne dejavnosti ni primerna za vse otroke, ampak je optimalna časovna obremenitev odvisna od gibalne učinkovitosti otrok. K boljši gibalni učinkovitosti otrok in daljši časovni optimalni obremenitvi gibalne dejavnosti pa pripomorejo tudi dodatne organizirane gibalne dejavnosti, saj je raziskava pokazala, da so bili otroci, ki so 2-krat tedensko v obdobju enega šolskega leta obiskovali splošno športno vadbo Svizec, gibalno učinkovitejši v primerjavi z otroki, ki splošne športne vadbe niso obiskovali.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: predšolski otrok
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-102344
• COBISS.SI-ID: 12090185
• Datum objave v RUL: 31.08.2018

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Children's optimal strain considering their physical efficiency

Izvleček

The aim of the master's thesis was to determine the optimal duration of physical activity with the purpose of developing physical endurance in preschool children. The study included 51 children, aged between 4.5 and 5.5 years, who attended a public kindergarten, and were divided into two groups: (i) 23 children who were twice a week enrolled in a general physical education class at Sports Club Svizec – Sport for the Youngest and (ii) 28 children who did not attend the mentioned physical education class. The variables were estimated based on the MOT 4–6 test, enabling measurement of children’s motor efficiencies, tests of balance and coordination of movement, and three different durations of training time (10, 20 and 30 minutes). The data acquisition process was carried out at several stages. In the first phase, all children were tested with the MOT 4–6 test and tests of balance and coordination of movement, respectively. In the second phase, the duration of exercise was increased by ten minutes each week, for three consecutive weeks, and after each training children’s balance and coordination of movement were reassessed. The obtained data were quantified using basic statistical parameters and statistically significant differences between both groups of children were determined using t-tests for dependent and independent variables, respectively, a one-way variance analysis (Welch) and the Games-Howell post-hoc test. Statistically significant differences between initial and subsequent measurements of children’s balance and coordination of movement represented the degree of children’s weariness in endurance exercises. Based on children’s weariness in endurance exercises, we concluded that the child’s age is not the sole important factor in planning their physical activity, as the same amount of activity is not suitable for all children and the optimal duration of exercise depends on the motor skills of a specific child. In comparison to the control group, the group of children that was subjected to additional physical activity at Sports Club Svizec developed better motor skills and physical endurance, suggesting the importance of additional exercise in child’s physical development.

• Ključne besede: preschool child