Smernice za izdelavo idejnih zasnov sanacije zaprtih odlagališč komunalnih odpadkov s čezmernim vplivom na okolje

Bole, Ana (author), Kortnik, Jože (mentor)

V magistrski nalogi sem se posvetila problematiki sanacije zaprtih odlagališč komunalnih odpadkov s čezmernim vplivom na okolje, saj se je za nekatera zaprta odlagališča komunalnih odpadkov izkazalo, da kljub izvedenim sanacijskih ukrepom še vedno čezmerno vplivajo na okolje. V prvem delu magistrske naloge sem se osredotočila na preteklo ter aktualno slovensko in evropsko zakonodajo s področja ravnanja z odpadki. V kolikor se v zaprtem odlagališču komunalnih odpadkov na podlagi meritev ali pregledov telesa ugotovijo čezmerni vplivi na okolje, je treba izdelati sistem za določanje potrebnih sanacijskih ukrepov. Predlagani sistem ocenjevanja in razvrščanja nevarnosti je Amalendu Bagchi opisal v svoji knjigi Design od Landfills and Integrated Solid Waste Management, kjer se prek točkovanja posameznih parametrov naredi seznam prednostnega vrstnega reda sanacij ZOČVO (zaprtih odlagališč s čezmernim vplivom na okolje). Sistem točkovanja sem uporabila za osnovo ter ga razvila za odlagališča v Sloveniji. Za ocenjevanje odlagališč sem v programu Microsoft Excel izdelala sistem za točkovanje parametrov in ga uporabila na praktičnem primeru ZOČVO odlagališča. V primeru, da je več primerov ZOČVO, izvedba sanacijskih ukrepov pa ni mogoča hkrati, je tak univerzalni sistem točkovanja priporočljiv, saj se prek dodeljenih točk poda vrstni red ter smernice za ustrezne ukrepe sanacij. V drugem delu magistrske naloge sem opisala remediacijske metode kontaminiranih zemljin, kjer sem izpostavila ter razložila tri fizikalne metode (horizontalne in vertikalne pregrade ter metoda črpanje in čiščenje). V praktičnem delu svoje naloge sem obravnavala primer ZO(NO)ČVO – zaprto odlagališče nenevarnih odpadkov s čezmernim vplivom na okolje, ki je obratovalo 33 let. Odlagališče nima ustreznega tesnjenja, posledica tega pa je, da imajo lahko odloženi odpadki dolgotrajen stik s podzemno vodo, zato so tudi rezultati kemijske analize skladno z opredelitvijo iz Programa monitoringa pokazali, da ima obravnavani primer odlagališča vpliv na podzemne vode. Na terenu smo izvedli tudi 4 meritve odlagališčnega plina, ki so pokazale, da je vsebnost plina metana zelo nizka, za oceno količin nastalega skupnega odlagališčnega plina, metana ter ogljikovega dioksida pa sem uporabila matematični model LandGEM. Za primer obravnavanega odlagališča sem za možne rešitve in predloge sanacije navedla 3 različne programe sanacij, kjer bi se v prvem vse odpadke prepeljalo na drugo lokacijo, v drugem bi se izvedla diafragma in ureditev brežin ter pokrova odlagališča, v tretjem pa popolna sanacija v skladu z zahtevami za zaprto odlagališče.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Sanacija, zaprta odlagališča, čezmerni vplivi na okolje, smernice za sanacijo, remediacija
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: NTF - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering
• Year: 2018
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-99751
• COBISS.SI-ID: 1715807
• Publication date in RUL: 12.02.2018

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Guidelines for remediation design concept of closed municipal solid waste landfills with excessive impact on the environment

Abstract

In my master's thesis I focused on the problem of rehabilitation of closed municipal solid waste landfills with an excessive environmental impact, since the assesments of some closed landfills of municipal waste showed that excessive environmental impacts still exist despite the implementation of remedial measures. In the first part of my master's thesis I focused on the past and current Slovenian and European legislation in the field of waste management. If a closed municipal landfill site is found to have an excessive environmental impact based on measurements or inspections of the body, it is necessary to develop a system for determining the necessary remedial measures. Amalendu Bagchi proposed system of hazard assessment and classification in his book Design of Landfills and Integrated Solid Waste Management (2004), where a priority list of CLEEI (closed landfills with excessive environmental impact) remediation is developed through the scoring of individual parameters. Using this scoring system as the basis, I further developed it for the assessment of Slovenian landfills. To this end I developed a system of parameter scoring in Microsoft Excel and used it on a practical example of a CLEEI. In case of several CLEEI where the concurrent implementation of remedial measures is not possible such a universal scoring system is recommended since the allocated points inform the sequence of and guidelines for appropriate remediation measures. In the second part of my master's thesis I described the remediation methods of contaminated soils, highlighting and explaining three physical methods (horizontal and vertical bulkheads, and the method of pumping and purification). The practical part of my thesis consists of a case study of a CL(NHW)EEI that operated for 33 years. The landfill does not have adequate sealing, resulting in the landfilled waste potentially having long-term contact with the groundwater. Because of that the results of the chemical analysis, in line with the definition in the monitoring program, showed that the landfill in question has an impact on groundwater. Four landfill gas measurements were also carried out in the field, which showed a very low content of methane gas. I used the LandGEM mathematical model to estimate the amount of total gas, methane and carbon dioxide produced. In discussing possible solutions and suggestions for the remediation of this particular landfill I referred to three different rehabilitation programs. Firstly, all waste could be transported to another location; secondly, a diaphragm and the regulation of the banks and the cover of the repository could be carried out; and finally, a complete rehabilitation in accordance with the requirements of a closed landfill could be undertaken.

• Keywords: Rehabilitation, closed landfills, excessive environmental impacts, guidelines for rehabilitation, remediation