Kronična ledvična bolezen in prehranska podpora pri otrocih s kronično ledvično odpovedjo : pregled literature

Kovačič, Klavdija (author), Bizjak, Martina (mentor)

Uvod: Kronična ledvična bolezen ni tipična bolezen otroške dobe, vendar predstavlja pomemben zdravstveni problem otrok in mladostnikov. Največjo težavo otroku in mladostniku pri zdravljenju kronične ledvične bolezni predstavljata prehranjevanje in pitje v režimu, ki ga določa stroga dieta. Ustrezno prehranjevanje je temelj zdravljenja kronične ledvične bolezni. S primerno dieto se zmanjša kopičenje vode in odvečnih snovi ter upočasni napredovanje bolezni. V različnih obdobjih kronične ledvične bolezni se morajo upoštevati različna prehranska navodila. Za kakovostno svetovanje otroku in staršem mora imeti medicinska sestra potrebna znanja o prehrani ledvičnih bolnikov. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti kronično ledvično bolezen ter opisati življenjsko aktivnost prehranjevanja in pitja otrok ter mladostnikov s kronično ledvično odpovedjo. Metode dela: Pri pisanju diplomskega dela je bila uporabljena deskriptivna metoda dela. Narejen je bil kritični pregled izbrane slovenske in tuje literature. Uporabljeni so bili strokovni ter izvirni in pregledni znanstveni članki. Pregled literature je potekal s pomočjo podatkovnih baz CINAHL, SCOPUS, Medline (PubMed), ScienceDirect. Razprava in sklep: Otroci in mladostniki so v primerjavi z odraslimi bistveno občutljivejša populacija bolnikov s kronično ledvično boleznijo. Kronična ledvična odpoved v obdobju razvoja in odraščanja vpliva na proces zdravljenja. Medicinska sestra ima bistveno odgovornost pri življenjski aktivnosti prehranjevanja in pitja. Pri nepravilnem delovanju ledvic prihaja do sprememb v presnovi vode, vitamina D, kalcija, kalija, natrija in fosfata. Te hranilne snovi imajo pomembno vlogo pri rasti in razvoju otroka, zato se s strogimi dietami uravnavajo makro- in mikrohranila v prehrani. Pogosto so otroci s kronično ledvično odpovedjo beljakovinsko podhranjeni in posledično zaostajajo v rasti. Medicinska sestra mora imeti veliko strokovnega znanja in izkušenj pri zdravstvenovzgojnem delu, da pripravi otroke in starše na nov prehranski režim.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: otrok, kronična renalna insuficienca, prehranska podpora
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-99041
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5382251
• Publication date in RUL: 22.12.2017

KOVAČIČ, Klavdija, 2017, Kronična ledvična bolezen in prehranska podpora pri otrocih s kronično ledvično odpovedjo : pregled literature [online]. Bachelor’s thesis. [Accessed 24 June 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=99041

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Chronic kidney disease and nutrition support in children with chronic renal failure : literature review

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is not a typical disease in childhood, but it is an important health problem for children and adolescents. The biggest problem in the treatment of chronic kidney disease in previously mentioned age group is eating and drinking, which is determined by a very strict diet. Proper nourishment is the basis for treating chronic kidney disease. We can reduce accumulation of water, redundant substances and slow down the progression of the disease with appropriate diet. Different dietary guidelines must be followed in different periods of chronic kidney disease. Nurses must have the necessary knowledge to give quality advice to the child and his parents. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to present chronic kidney disease and to describe the appropriate diet for children and adolescents with chronic renal failure. Methods: Descriptive working method was used in writing the thesis. A critical review of selected Slovenian and foreign literature was made, using following databases: CINAHL, SCOPUS, Medline (PubMed), ScienceDirect. Only original researches and review articles were used. Discussion and conclusion: Children and adolescents are significantly more sensitive population of patients with chronic kidney disease compared to adults. Chronic renal failure during the period of development affects the treatment process. Nurses have a vital responsibility in educating patients and their parents about eating and drinking. In case of improper kidney function, changes in metabolism of water, vitamin D, calcium, potassium, sodium and phosphate occur. These nutrients have an important role in the growth and development of the child and strict diets can regulate these macro and micronutrients. Often children with chronic renal failure are suffering from protein deficiency and consequently lag behind in growth. Nurses must have a lot of expertise and experiences to be able to prepare children and parents for a new lifestyle.

• Keywords: child, chronic renal insufficiency, nutrition support