Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is not a typical disease in childhood, but it is an important health problem for children and adolescents. The biggest problem in the treatment of chronic kidney disease in previously mentioned age group is eating and drinking, which is determined by a very strict diet. Proper nourishment is the basis for treating chronic kidney disease. We can reduce accumulation of water, redundant substances and slow down the progression of the disease with appropriate diet. Different dietary guidelines must be followed in different periods of chronic kidney disease. Nurses must have the necessary knowledge to give quality advice to the child and his parents. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to present chronic kidney disease and to describe the appropriate diet for children and adolescents with chronic renal failure. Methods: Descriptive working method was used in writing the thesis. A critical review of selected Slovenian and foreign literature was made, using following databases: CINAHL, SCOPUS, Medline (PubMed), ScienceDirect. Only original researches and review articles were used. Discussion and conclusion: Children and adolescents are significantly more sensitive population of patients with chronic kidney disease compared to adults. Chronic renal failure during the period of development affects the treatment process. Nurses have a vital responsibility in educating patients and their parents about eating and drinking. In case of improper kidney function, changes in metabolism of water, vitamin D, calcium, potassium, sodium and phosphate occur. These nutrients have an important role in the growth and development of the child and strict diets can regulate these macro and micronutrients. Often children with chronic renal failure are suffering from protein deficiency and consequently lag behind in growth. Nurses must have a lot of expertise and experiences to be able to prepare children and parents for a new lifestyle.
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