Bolečina in novorojenček : lajšanje bolečine pri izvedbi neonatalnih presejalnih testov ; empirična raziskava

Novšak, Ana (author), Stanek Zidarič, Tita (mentor), Skubic, Metka (comentor)

Uvod: Novorojenčki se soočijo z bolečimi izkušnjami kmalu po rojstvu. Vsak novorojenček ima pravico do lajšanja bolečine, kar velja tudi ob enkratni povzročitvi bolečine zaradi jemanja krvi za presejalne teste. Namen: Preučiti in opisati možnosti nefarmakološkega lajšanja bolečine ob akutni povzročitvi bolečine novorojenčkom ob odvzemu krvi za neonatalne presejalne teste. Z empirično raziskavo smo želeli raziskati stanje oziroma izvedbo lajšanja bolečine novorojenčkom na poporodnih oddelkih po Sloveniji. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu smo uporabili metodologijo sistematičnega pregleda znanstvene in strokovne literature. Izvedli smo tudi kvantitativno raziskavo, in sicer anketiranje zaposlenih na poporodnih oddelkih po slovenskih porodnišnicah in bolnišnicah. Podatke smo pridobili s strukturiranim anketnim vprašalnikom. Kvantitativno obdelavo in statistično analizo smo opravili s pomočjo računalniškega programa SPSS 21.0. Skupno smo poslali 137 anket, od tega smo nazaj prejeli 130 pravilno izpolnjenih. Stopnja sodelovanja je bila 95 %. Rezultati: V Sloveniji se kri za neonatalne presejalne teste novorojenčku odvzame večinoma iz pete (75,4 %). Metod za lajšanje bolečine novorojenčka se poslužuje 62,3 % anketiranega zdravstvenega osebja in sicer v Ljubljani, Mariboru, Slovenj Gradcu, Jesenicah ter na Ptuju. Najpogosteje uporabljene metode so prisotnost matere, »pogovor« matere z novorojenčkom (42 %), glukoza per os ter duda (32 %), zavijanje v odejo (19 %), dojenje in stik kože s kožo (5 %). Glasba se kot metoda lajšanja bolečine ne uporablja na nobenem poporodnem oddelku. V Brežicah, Novem mestu, Kranju, Izoli ter Murski Soboti ne uporabljajo nobene metode za lajšanje bolečine. Razprava in zaključek: Zdravstveno osebje v Sloveniji se največ poslužuje odvzema vzorca krvi za neonatalne presejalne teste iz novorojenčkove pete. Več kot polovica zdravstvenega osebja ob tem uporablja vsaj eno od nefarmakoloških metod za lajšanje bolečine. Interes zdravstvenega osebja za uvedbo ali razširitev uporabe nefarmakoloških sredstev za lajšanje novorojenčkove bolečine med jemanjem krvi za presejalne teste bi bilo potrebno še dodatno raziskati.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: novorojenček, bolečina, lajšanje bolečine, odvzem krvi, presejalni testi
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-98073
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5365099
• Publication date in RUL: 16.11.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Newborn and pain : relieving pain at neonatal screening tests ; empirical research

Abstract

Introduction: Newborns face painful experiences shortly after birth. Every newborn has the right to relieve the pain, which is also in the case with a single cause of pain during taking blood for screening tests. Purpose: We study and describe the possibilities of non-pharmacological pain relief in acute causing pain to newborns while taking blood for neonatal screening tests. With an empirical study, we wanted to explore the stage or implementation of pain relief for newborns in post-natal departments around Slovenia. Methods: In the diploma we use the methodology of a systematic review of scientific and technical literature. We also did a quantitative research with surveying employees in post-natal departments in Slovenian hospitals. We gained the data with a structured questionnaire. Quantitative processing and statistical analysis were carried out using the SPSS 21 computer program. We sent 137 surveys of which we received back 130 correctly fulfilled. The participation rate was 95%. Results: In Slovenia, blood for neonatal screening tests is mostly taken from the heel of the newborns (75.4%). The method for relieving the pain of the newborns is used by 62.3% of the surveyed healthcare professionals in Ljubljana, Maribor, Slovenj Gradec, Jesenice in Ptuj. The most common used methods are the presence of the mother, the "conversation" to the mother with a newborn (42%), glucose per os and soother (32%), wrapping babies in the blanket (19%), breastfeeding and skin contact with the mother (5%). Music as a method of reducing the pain is not used in any postpartum section. In Brežice, Novo mesto, Kranj, Izola and Murska Sobota no methods are used to relieve pain. Discussion and Conclusion: Health personnel in Slovenia mostly use blood samples for neonatal screening tests from the newborn's heel. More than half of healthcare professionals use at least one of the non-pharmacological methods to relieve pain. The interest of healthcare personnel to introduce or extend the use of non-pharmacological agents to relieve newborns pain during blood transfusion should be further investigated.

• Keywords: newborn, pain, pain relief, blood removal, screening tests