Zlorabe otrok z motnjami v duševnem razvoju v družinskem okolju ter njihove vedenjske in čustvene težave : magistrsko delo

Božić, Esmeralda (author), Krek, Janez (mentor)

S kakšnimi težavami se sooča oseba, ki ji v otroštvu niso bile zadovoljene osnovne fiziološke potrebe, potrebe po varnosti, pripadanju, ljubezni, ugledu in spoštovanju, kognitivne in estetske potrebe ter samoaktualizacija? Ciljna skupina otrok raziskave so posamezniki z zmernimi in težjimi motnjami v duševnem razvoju. To je ranljiva skupina posameznikov, ki se zaradi kombinacije motenj še težje spopadajo z nastalim življenjskim položajem. V raziskavi nas je zanimalo, na katera področja otrokovega razvoja – socialno, kognitivno in čustveno področje – zlorabe otrok z motnjami v duševnem razvoju, ki se dogajajo/zgodijo v družinskem okolju, najmočneje vplivajo. Ukvarjali smo se z vprašanjem vpliva zlorab otrok z motnjami v duševnem razvoju na posamezna področja otrokovega razvoja. Želeli smo preučiti vlogo specialnega in rehabilitacijskega pedagoga oziroma drugega strokovnjaka, vključenega v pedagoško obravnavo, pri oblikovanju spodbudnega učnega okolja za otroke s čustvenimi in vedenjskimi težavami. Vzporedno s tem smo preučevali izvajanje prakse timskega sodelovanja in celovite obravnave otroka s čustvenimi in vedenjskimi težavami v instituciji. S pomočjo kvalitativne raziskave smo preučili sisteme pomoči pri že obravnavanih posameznikih in posamezne primere med seboj tudi primerjali. Sistem pomoči smo preučevali na ravni družine, šole, centra za socialno delo in zakonodaje. Prav tako smo preučili vplive zlorab na posameznih področjih otrokovega življenja ter se primarno osredotočili na vedenjske in čustvene težave. Odgovore na raziskovalna vprašanja smo pridobili na osnovi analize dokumentov in polstrukturiranih intervjujev s strokovnjaki, ki so sodelovali v preučevanih sistemih pomoči. Preučili smo štiri primere otrok z zmernimi ali težjimi motnjami v duševnem razvoju, ki so bili v družinskem okolju žrtve različnih oblik zlorab. Ker smo bili omejeni na štiri obravnavane primere, rezultatov ne moremo posploševati. Oblikovali smo priporočila, ki so lahko v pomoč vsem tistim, ki delajo z obravnavanimi osebami. Zavedamo se, da je vsak primer zgodba zase, hkrati pa smo mnenja, da lahko tudi ostali, ki se soočajo s podobno problematiko, v teh priporočilih najdejo kaj uporabnega. Potrdili smo, da zlorabe otrok z motnjami v duševnem razvoju, ki se dogajajo/zgodijo v družinskem okolju, vplivajo na vsa področja otrokovega razvoja – socialno (težave v obliki neprilagojenega vedenja), kognitivno (učne težave) in čustveno (hude notranje stiske). S pomočjo intervjujev smo potrdili vlogo specialnega in rehabilitacijskega pedagoga ter ostalih strokovnjakov v sistemu pomoči in prikazali ključni pomen timskega sodelovanja.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: zlorabe, motnje v duševnem razvoju, sistem pomoči, vedenjske in čustvene težave
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Publisher: [E. Božić]
• Year: 2017
• Number of pages: 117 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-97793
• UDC: 376-056.34:343.546(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 11805257
• Publication date in RUL: 13.12.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Abuse of children with mental disabilities in home environment and their behavioural and emotional problems

Abstract

What problems does a person face, whose early childhood remained unfulfilled with primary physiological needs – the need for safety, the need to belong, love, be respected and esteemed, cognitive and aesthetic needs and self-actualization? Thesis research targets a group of children with moderate to major disorders in mental development. This is a vulnerable group of individuals, which are facing even larger difficulties in dealing with their life situation because of combination of multiple disorders. Research focused on: which areas of child’s development (social, cognitive, emotional) are most affected by abuse in family environment; what is the effect of abuse in family environment on specific areas of child’s development; what is the role of special and rehabilitation pedagogue or other expert involved with the case; how is the practice of teamwork and holistic approach to working with children with emotional and behavioral problems executed within an institution; what is its advantage and where can we find potential flaws. Different help systems already applied in these cases have been individually researched and compared using a qualitative approach. These systems will be assessed on the level of family, school, social services and legislation. Furthermore, effect of abuse on different areas of child's life will be evaluated while primarily focusing on behavioral and emotional problems. Document analysis has provided answers to research questions, and serve as basis for conducting half-structured interviews with experts involved in evaluated help methodologies. Four cases of children with moderate to major mental disabilities arising from domestic abuse have been analyzed. I have confirmed that abuse of children with mental disabilities arising from domestic environment affect all areas of child’s development: social (negative behavior), cognitive (learning disabilities) and emotional (deep internal distress). By conducting interviews I have confirmed the role of special and rehabilitation pedagogue and other experts in the help system and demonstrated crucial importance of team collaboration.

• Keywords: family, mentally handicapped, družina, duševno prizadeti