Testiranje telesne pripravljenosti starostnikov v domovih starejših občanov v ljubljanski regiji : magistrsko delo

Sušin Donevski, Maja (author), Hadžić, Vedran (mentor), Karpljuk, Damir (co-mentor)

Namen raziskovalne naloge je bil dobiti vpogled v normativne vrednosti testov telesne pripravljenost starostnikov v domovih starejših občanov ljubljanske regije in podatke primerjati s tujo populacijo. Zanimalo nas je tudi, ali predstavnice ženskega spola dosegajo boljše rezultate testov kot moški, na podlagi indeksa telesne mase pa smo analizirali še status prehranjenosti starostnikov. V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 110 starostnikov iz Domov starejših občanov (DSO) ljubljanske regije, od tega 27 moških in 83 žensk. Za zbiranje podatkov smo uporabili test telesne pripravljenosti starejših (senior fitness test), ki poleg merjenja telesne višine in mase vključuje šest testov: test vstajanja s stola, upogib komolca, doseg sede, test praskanja hrbta, vstani in pojdi test in 6-minutni test hoje. Testi so pokazatelji funkcijske telesne zmogljivosti starostnikov. Podatki so bili pridobljeni s pomočjo terenskega merjenja študentov magistrskega študija kineziologije. Ugotovili smo, da so slovenski starostniki iz DSO glede na normativne vrednosti tuje populacije dosegali slabše rezultate pri vseh testih. Najslabše so opravili 6-minutni test hoje, test vstani in pojdi, doseg sede in test praskanja hrbta. Najuspešnejši so bili pri testu upogib komolca. Pri primerjavi rezultatov testov med spoloma (DSO) se je izkazalo, da so moški pri vseh testih dosegali boljše rezultate kot ženske, razen pri doseg sede, ki je pokazatelj gibljivosti zadnje stegenske mišice. Tu so ženske v povprečju dosegale boljše rezultate, kar pomeni, da so ženske v spodnjih okončinah bolj gibljive kot moški. Starostniki DSO ljubljanske regije imajo glede na tujo populacijo višje vrednosti indeksa telesne mase (ITM), kar pomeni, da je delež prekomerno težkih in debelih višji ter znaša 60 % za ženske in kar 93% za moške. S pridobljenimi podatki smo ugotovili, da normativne vrednosti, ki se uporabljajo v praksi, niso povsem ustrezne za slovenske starostnike v DSO. Potrebno bi bilo testirati še populacijo starostnikov, ki živijo v domačem okolju in jih primerjati s tujo populacijo. Zaradi izjemno slabih rezultatov testov, je potrebno normativne vrednosti ustrezno preoblikovati vsaj za populacijo posameznikov, ki živijo v domovih starejših občanov. V prihodnosti je potrebno zmanjšati delež prekomerno težkih in debelih, več pozornosti je potrebno nameniti tudi zmanjšanju razlik v funkcijski telesni pripravljenosti med spoloma. Starostnikom v DSO je potrebno omogočiti več programov telesne aktivnosti, da bodo v prihodnosti rezultati testov telesne pripravljenosti manj zaskrbljujoči, s tem pa bo zagotovljena čim daljša samostojnost, neodvisnost in višja kakovost življenja starostnikov.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: starostniki, telesna pripravljenost, senior fitness test, krhkost, dolgotrajna oskrba, indeks telesne mase, telesna aktivnost
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FŠ - Faculty of Sport
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-97743
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5260977
• Publication date in RUL: 08.11.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Measuring functional fitness of the elderly in the retirement homes in Ljubljana region

Abstract

The aim of the study was to establish normative values of the senior fitness test of the elderly people living in the Retirement homes in the Ljubljana region and to compare the data with foreign populations. We were also interested in whether female representatives achieve better test results than men, and on the basis of the body mass index, we also analyzed the nutritional status of the elderly. The study included 110 elderly people from the Retirement homes in the Ljubljana Region, of which 27 men and 83 women. Senior fitness test (SFT) was used to evaluate functional fitness of participants. SFT includes six tests in addition to measuring height and weight: the chair stand test, the arm curl test, the chair sit and reach test, the timed up and go test, the back scratch test, and the 6-minute walk test. The tests are indicators of the functional fitness of the elderly. The data was obtained with the help of field measurements by the students of the master's studies in Kinesiology. We found that Slovene elderly from the Retirement homes, compared to the normative values of foreign populations, achieved worse results in all tests. The worse result was the 6-minute walk test, the timed up and go test, the chair seat and the reach test and the back scratch test. The most successful was the arm curl test. When comparing the results of gender tests, men showed better performance than women in all tests, except for the chair seat and reach test. On average, women achieved better results, which means that women have better flexibility in biceps femoris muscle than men. Elderly from the Retirement homes in the Ljubljana region have higher body mass index (BMI) than the foreign population, which means that the proportion of overweight and obese is higher, which is 60% for women and 93% for men. With the obtained data, we found that the normative values used in practice are not entirely appropriate for the elderly in the Retirement homes. It is also necessary to test the population of elderly people living in the home environment and comparing them with the foreign populations. Due to extremely poor test results, normative values must be appropriately changed at least for the population of individuals living in homes for the elderly. In the future, it is necessary to reduce the proportion of overweight and obese, and more attention should also be paid to reducing the differences in functional fitness between the sexes. The elderly in the Retirement homes should be allowed to have several physical activity programs so that in the future, the results of physical fitness tests will be less worrying, thereby ensuring a longer independence and higher quality of life for the elderly.

• Keywords: elderly, functional fitness, Senior fitness test, frailty, long-term care, body mass index, physical activity