Nasilje mladostnikov nad starši

Ušaj, Urška (author), Filipčič, Katja (mentor)

Nasilje mladostnikov nad starši ostaja še vedno zelo slabo poznana oblika nasilja v družini. Zaradi vedno večjega števila prijav staršev pa v zadnjem času pridobiva vse več pozornosti. Sprememba družbenih vlog in razmerij v družini ter drugačen, bolj permisiven način vzgoje je v zadnjih desetletjih povzročil porast tovrstnega nasilja oziroma njegovega prijavljanja. Čeprav se na tem področju v zadnjih letih izvaja vse več manjših raziskav in kliničnih študij, strokovnjaki še vedno niso prišli do trdnih ugotovitev glede vseh faktorjev, ki vplivajo na nastanek tovrstnega nasilja, najverjetneje tudi zaradi pomanjkanja velikih nacionalnih študij na tem področju, ki bi zajele večje število primerov. Starši poredko prijavljajo nasilje, ki jim ga povzročajo otroci, zaradi sramu, občutka krivde in strahu pred obsojanjem okolice, da niso znali pravilno vzgojiti otrok. To ne pripomore k temu, da bi ta vrsta nasilja ne bila več ena večjih slepih peg na področju družinskega nasilja. V magistrski nalogi bom celovito obravnavala problem nasilja mladostnikov nad starši, tako s kriminološkega kot s pravnega vidika. Dejavniki tveganja, ki so najpomembnejši za pojav te vrste nasilja v družini, so poprejšnja izpostavljenost otroka nasilju v družini, in sicer kot žrtev nasilja ali priča nasilja med staršema, vedenjske in čustvene težave ter duševne in osebnostne motnje otroka, zloraba alkohola in prepovedanih substanc, permisivna in čustveno hladna vzgoja, socialno-ekonomski status družine ter vplivi vrstnikov in širšega okolja. V magistrski nalogi se bom posvetila pravni ureditvi tega problema v Sloveniji in Španiji, kjer sem opravila tudi raziskavo o temi magistrske naloge. Slovenija je celovito pristopila k obravnavanju nasilja v družini leta 2002 z Zakonom o preprečevanju nasilja v družini, ki določa vloge, naloge, mrežo in sodelovanje različnih državnih organov in nevladnih organizacij pri obravnavanju nasilja v družini ter opredeljuje ukrepe za varstvo žrtve tovrstnega nasilja. Posebno pozornost bom namenila razmejitvi med kaznivim dejanjem nasilja v družini in prekrškom drznega in nasilnega vedenja, pogledali pa si bomo tudi ukrep prepovedi približevanja kraju, osebi ali lokaciji, ki je sicer zelo pomemben ukrep pri reagiranju na nasilje v družini, vendar ima določene pomanjkljivosti v primeru, ko ga je potrebno izreči mladostniku. Predstavila bom tudi pravno ureditev na področju nasilja nad starši v Španiji, kjer je bilo na to temo v zadnjih letih opravljenih veliko raziskav. V zelo redkih primerih lahko nasilje nad starši preide v umor staršev, ki pa se običajno zgodi le v posebnih okoliščinah in pod določenimi pogoji. Najpogostejša skupina mladostnikov, ki izvrši to kaznivo dejanje, so otroci, ki so jih starši dalj časa zlorabljali. Čeprav se je začelo v zadnjih letih temu pojavu namenjati vse več pozornosti, menim, da bi bilo v Sloveniji potrebno še veliko storiti predvsem na področju pomoči in strokovne obravnave storilcev in žrtev tega kaznivega dejanja. Represivni ukrepi in sankcioniranje storilcev v okviru kazenskega pravosodja predstavljajo le kurativni ukrep za težave, ki imajo globlji socialni in družbeni vzrok. Za njihovo zmanjšanje bi bilo potrebno predvsem ozaveščati ljudi, da prepoznajo določen tip vedenja kot nasilje nad starši in jih informirati, kje lahko v takem primeru poiščejo pomoč.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Nasilje mladostnikov nad starši, zloraba staršev, sindrom pretepenega starša, nasilje nad starši, nasilje v družini, nasilje mladostnikov, zloraba otrok, umor staršev, kazensko pravo, kriminologija.
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-97192
• COBISS.SI-ID: 15848785
• Publication date in RUL: 21.10.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Adolescent violence towards parents

Abstract

Parent abuse still remains a not well-known form of domestic violence, even if it has been gaining attention in recent years due to an increased number of legal complaints made by the parents. A change in the social roles and relationships in the family and a different, more permissive way of educating the children have caused an increase of child-to-parents violence cases or at least an increase in reporting them. Although numerous small research projects and clinical studies have been performed in this field in recent years, the researchers still have not been able to identify undoubtedly all the factors that play a crucial role in causing this type of violence, probably also due to a lack of large national research projects that would include a large number of cases. Parents rarely report parent abuse because of the feelings of shame, guilt and fear of being judged by the people around them. This contributes greatly to the fact that this type of violence still remains one of the biggest blind spots in the domestic violence cases. In the thesis I will deal with the problem of child-to-parents violence thoroughly, considering the criminological and legal aspects of this problem. Practitioners have discovered that the greatest risk factor for the development of parent abuse is the exposure of children to domestic violence, regardless of whether the child is a victim of abuse or just a witness of the intimate violence that occurs between the parents. Other risk factors are behavioural and emotional problems, mental and personality disorders in children, alcohol and substance abuse, a permissive or an emotionally detached upbringing, along with an unfavourable socio-economic status of the family and negative influences of peers and wider community. I will focus also on the legal aspects of this problem in Slovenia and Spain where I did a research on the topic of this thesis. Slovenia has tackled the issue of domestic violence comprehensively with the Prevention of Domestic Violence Act from 2002, which also defines the roles, functions, networking and cooperation of various governmental bodies and non-governmental organisations in addressing domestic violence and identifies measures to protect victims of domestic abuse. I will point out the demarcation between the criminal offence of domestic violence and the misdemeanour of audacious and aggressive behaviour and we will look into the legal regulation of the restraining order and its weaknesses when it needs to be used against an adolescent. Then I will present the legal regulation of child-to-parent violence in Spain, where numerous studies about this topic took place in the last years. An extreme act of violence against parents is parricide – the act of killing the parents done by their children. It occurs relatively rarely and just in special circumstances, usually when the child has been severely abused for years by his/her parents. Despite the fact that this phenomenon has gained more recognition in the last few years, my opinion is that there is still a lot to be done in this field in Slovenia, especially in giving professional help to the victims and perpetrators of this type of violence to change their behavioural patterns. The state with its acts of repression and legal sanctions can give just a small contribution to fighting this violence, the most important part, however, is informing the people about this type of violence and by that increasing their awareness about the problem, giving them information about where to find help in such situations and assisting them in recognising certain behaviours as violence against parents.

• Keywords: Adolescent violence towards parents, child-to-parent violence, parent abuse, battered parent syndrome, domestic violence, juvenile offender, child abuse, parricide, criminal law, criminology.