Vloga medicinske sestre pri obravnavi pacienta s samomorilnim vedenjem : pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Gorenčič, Sabina (author), Sotler, Robert (mentor), Lapanja, Aljoša (comentor)

Uvod: Samomorilnost je nujno psihiatrično stanje, za katerega je pogost vzrok duševna motnja. Je življenjsko ogrožajoče stanje, pri katerem pacient potrebuje nujno psihiatrično obravnavo in zdravljenje. V nasprotnem primeru lahko stori samomor, zavestno dejanje, ki s predvideno gotovostjo povzroči smrt storilca. Je eno najbolj intimnih dejanj, za katerega se lahko človek odloči. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je s pomočjo pregleda literature in analize raziskav osvetliti problem samomorilnosti pacienta in raziskati vlogo medicinske sestre pri pacientu s samomorilnim vedenjem. S tem želimo doseči boljšo ozaveščenost zdravstvenih delavcev o obravnavani vsebini, tako da bi znali samomorilno ogroženo osebo pravočasno prepoznati in ji nuditi ustrezno podporo, da do samomora ali poskusa samomora ne bi prišlo. Metoda dela: Deskriptivna metoda dela, s pregledom znanstvene in strokovne literature, omejene na objave v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku ter izdajo v letih 2007−2017. Izbira člankov je ozko usmerjena literatura na omenjeno temo diplomskega dela. Rezultati: Preprečevanje samomorov temelji na področju skrbi za duševno zdravje, saj nekatera zdravstvena stanja (npr. depresija, anksioznost, psihoza, odvisnost od različnih psihoaktivnih snovi idr.) povečajo tveganje za samomor. Pri preprečevanju samomorov imajo poleg širše skupnosti pomembno vlogo tudi zdravstveni delavci, saj veliko samomorilno ogroženih oseb pred samim dejanjem išče pomoč v zdravstvenih institucijah. Ena ključnih nalog medicinske sestre je zagotavljanje, da je pacient sprejet v varnem in zaupnem okolju, v katerem mu medicinska sestra zmore nuditi oporo in mu vzbujati občutek, da razume njegovo nemoč in obup. Sprejeti ga mora z vsemi pomanjkljivostmi in težavami, ki jih ima, in mu tako zagotoviti varno in zaupno atmosfero, v kateri bo lahko sproščeno in brez zadržkov govoril o svojih težavah. Razprava in sklep: Naloga medicinskih sester je, da samomorilno ogroženega pacienta prepoznamo, sprejmemo v obravnavo in ga pred samim dejanjem zaščitimo. Nuditi mu moramo oporo in mu pomagati najti smisel življenja.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: psihiatrija, nujno stanje, zdravstvena nega, preventiva samomora
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-96753
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5345643
• Publication date in RUL: 14.10.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Role of the nurse in the treatment of a patient with suicidal behaviour : literature review : graduate thesis

Abstract

Introduction: Suicidal behaviour is a psychiatric emergency condition that commonly results from a mood disorder. It is a life-threatening condition that requires urgent psychiatric treatment; otherwise a person can commit suicide, an intentional act that causes his or her death with anticipated certainty. It is one of the most intimate acts that someone can decide to do. Purpose: The purpose of this dissertation is to highlight the problem of a patient’s suicidal behaviour and research the nurse’s role in treating this type of patient, by examining scientific literature and analysing different studies. This way we will try to achieve greater awareness of the discussed topic among healthcare professionals, so that they would be able to recognize a person in danger of suicidal behaviour soon enough and provide them with suitable support that would prevent the suicide or its attempt. Research method: Descriptive research method; study of scientific and technical literature restricted to publications in Slovene and English language that were issued between years 2007 and 2017. The selection of articles is narrowly-oriented toward the aforementioned dissertation topic. Results: Suicide prevention is based on the area of mental health care, for there are some medical conditions (e. g. depression, anxiety, psychosis, addiction to different psychoactive substances, etc.) that increase the risk of suicide. Beside the community, health professionals also play a significant role in suicide prevention, as many people in danger of suicidal behaviour seek help in medical institutions before attempting suicide. One of the main responsibilities of a nurse is to ensure that the patients are received in a safe and confidential environment in which he or she can provide them with support and give them the sensation that their feelings of helplessness and desperation are understood. The nurse has to accept them with all their problems and imperfections and thus ensure a safe and confidential atmosphere in which the patient could speak about their problems easily and without restraint. Discussion and conclusion: The tasks of nursing care are to recognize the patients with suicidal behaviour hospitalize them and protect them from suicidal acts. We must give them support and help them find the meaning of life.

• Keywords: psychiatry, emergency condition, nursing care, suicide prevention