Poškodbe z električnim tokom in prva pomoč : poročilo o raziskavi

Novak, Aljaž (author), Slabe, Damjan (mentor), Dolenc, Eva (co-mentor)

Uvod: Elektrika je pretok atomovih elektronov skozi prevodnik. Električne opekline so hude poškodbe, ki v večini prizadenejo mlade moške in jih je možno preprečiti. Pri prvi pomoči je potrebno prekiniti stik z električnim tokom in poskrbeti za varnost reševalca ter poškodovanca, nato sledijo nadaljnji ukrepi prve pomoči. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je ugotoviti znanje prve pomoči pri električnih poškodbah med delavci zaposlenimi v Elektro Ljubljana, DE Trbovlje. Metode dela: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda dela. Za zbiranje podatkov smo uporabili anonimni spletni anketni vprašalnik, katerega smo oblikovali s pomočjo orodja za spletne ankete 1ka. Obsegal je 14 vprašanj, pridobljene podatke pa smo kvantitativno obdelali. Rezultati: V raziskavi je sodelovalo 79 zaposlenih v Elektro Ljubljana, DE Trbovlje. 44 % zaposlenih se je zadnjega tečaja prve pomoči udeležilo pred več kot petimi leti. Številko službe 112 pozna 94 % anketiranih. 53 % anketiranih bi pravilno oskrbelo rano povzročeno z električnim tokom, saj za hlajenje ne bi uporabili vode. 99 % bi najprej poskrbelo za svojo varnost. 66 % anketiranih se za 5 začetnih vpihov ne bi odločilo, 56 % bi jih najprej oživljalo 1 minuto, šele nato bi poklicali 112. V 97 % poznajo razmerje 30 : 2 med stiski prsnega koša in vpihi. V 91 % so mnenja, da bi avtomatski eksterni defibrilator znali uporabiti. Ob sumu na poškodbo vratne hrbtenice bi 75 % anketiranih ravnalo pravilno. 80 % bi premaknilo poškodovanca s sumom na poškodbo vratne hrbtenice samo, če bi bilo to potrebno zaradi reševanja življenja. V enaki situaciji bi nezavestnega bolnika, ki diha, s sumom na poškodbo vratne hrbtenice na bok (položaj za nezavestnega) obrnilo samo 38 % anketiranih. Razprava in zaključek: Anketirani poznajo teoretične osnove temeljnih postopkov oživljanja in oskrbe opeklinske rane povzročene z električnim tokom. Pri vprašanjih, ki zahtevajo več konkretnega znanja, npr. o položaju ob sumu na poškodbo vratne hrbtenice pa je znanje pomanjkljivo, sploh ker gre za ukrepe, ki rešujejo življenja in odločajo o nadaljnji oskrbi poškodovanca. Menim, da bi bilo potrebno tečaje prve pomoči obnavljati na vsaki dve leti.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: električna opeklina, električna značka, temeljni postopki oživljanja, prva pomoč
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-96739
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5345387
• Publication date in RUL: 13.10.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Injuries with electric current and first aid : research report

Abstract

Introduction: Electricity is the flow of an atom’s electrons through a conductor. Burns caused by electricity are injuries that mostly affect young adult men and can be prevented. First aid includes primarily disconnection from the electrical current and ensuring the safety of the rescuer and the injured person, followed by further first aid measures. The purpose: The purpose of the dissertation is to determine the knowledge of electric burns related FA in case of damage among employees of Elektro Ljubljana DU Trbovlje. Methodology: Descriptive work method was used. We used an anonymous online questionnaire, designed by using 1ka web survey tool to collect data, covering 14 questions, and quantitative data analysis was used. Results: The research involved 79 Elektro Ljubljana DU Trbovlje employees. 44% of employees attended the last first aid course 5 or more years ago. 94% of the respondents are familiar with the 112 service number. 53% of the respondents would treat the wound caused by an electric current properly, by not cooling it with water. 99% would first provide their own safety. 66% of respondents would not decide for 5 initial sprays, but 56% would initially resuscitate for 1 minute then call 112. 97% know the 30: 2 ratio between compression and breaths. 91% believe that an automatic external defibrillator could be used. In case of suspected backbone damage, 75% of the respondents would react correctly. 80% would move the injured person with suspected cervical spine damage only if it was necessary to save their life. In the same situation, only 38% of the respondents would turn an unconscious patient who breathes into a stable position on their side (position for unconscious). Discussion and conclusion: The respondents know the theoretical basics of basic procedures for resuscitating and treating burn wounds caused by electrical current, for questions requiring more specific knowledge, e.g. the position in case of suspected neck spine damage, their knowledge is inadequate, especially because those measures save lives and define further care of the injured person. I believe that first aid courses should be renewed every 2 years.

• Keywords: electric burn, electric badge, basic life support, first aid